(首字母缩写词.ppt
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1、English in a changing world The Second Year Pack English in a changing worldbbWang Contents1 Changing English in a Changing World:An Overview2 English in the Past3 The Spread of English Beyond Britain4 Socal varieties of English5 Trade Within and Across Language Barriers6 Changing English since the
2、Sencond World War7 Emerging New Englishes:A Focus for Debate8 English in a Shrinking World Changing Eglish in a Changing World:An OverviewAt the end of this unit,you should be able to do the following things,or do them better than you can nowexplain why languages change as people changerecognise and
3、 describe examples of changeunderstand some of the special English vocabulary used in talking about languageexplain what is meant by varieties of EnglishUnit One Changing English in a Changing World:An OverviewDifficult Points:Difficult Points:Differences among languages,dialects,and accents Activit
4、y 1 Language Change and Language UseTask 11.Languages change with time;2.The number of languages in the world is 4000-5000;3.No one can give a more exact number because(a)the number depends on what counts as a dialect and what counts as a language;(b)some languages have disappeared,and we know nothi
5、ng about them;4.When we speak of languages as living or dead,we use a metaphor(暗喻).Task 2Finding out How Language Changes in the Life of an Individual PersonIdiolect your own individual languageTask 3Analysing the Meaning of“Living”and“Dead”LanguageTim doesnt like learning Latin because 1 there is t
6、oo much homework to do 2 it is hard to remember all the new vocabulary 3 there are no speakers of Latin to talk to 4 there seem to be no interesting things to read in LatinSummary1.All the languages we know about change with time.2.There are,at present,between 4000 and 5000 languages in use in the w
7、orld.3.Just how many languages,depends what counts as a language and what counts as a variety or dialect.4.Your individual language changes with age too.5.Older people usually dislike the changes they notice.6.We need to be careful about talking about language as if it were a living thing.Historical
8、 variation the variation of a language over timeActivity 2 Variation in English Different PlacesTask 1Regional variation varieties of English in different placesTask 2Standard English written EnglishReceived Pronunciation RP,BBC EnglishNetwork English Educated American EnglishNot all varieties of En
9、glish are equally important,or important in the same way.Task 3Learners want to learn to read and to write Standard English for international use.They want to speak and understand English that approximates to Educated British or to Educated American English.Very few of them want to sound like native
10、 speakers,but they do want to sound like competent users of an international language.Summary1.There are different varieties of English that is spoken and understood in different parts of the world.These are regional varieties or regional dialects.2.Both native speakers and second language users of
11、English find some of these hard to understand.The English of writing Standard English is similar throughout the English speaking world.3.Two varieties Educated British and Educated American English are widely taught and learned.They are used and understood wherever English is in use.4.There is no si
12、ngle Authority for the use of English.Activity 3 Observing Vocabulary Change in EnglishTask 1Developing Awareness of New VocabularyChange in language matches change in peoples lives.Task 2Where do new words come from?1.Pronouncing the initial(首个)letters of several words,which form the word acronym(首
13、字母缩写词,比如TOEFL).2.English borrows words from other languages.3.Old words are used with new meanings.Task 3Undersdanding“borrowing”between LanguagesSummary1.By studying texts you can observe change in English as it happens.2.New words are invented,or borrowed to match new meanings.Or old words are use
14、d with new meanings.3.Words in use are dropped when they are no longer needed.4.The rate of change in language is uneven.5.As people grow older,they notice change and they often dont like it.In fact the rate of change is not so fast that people living at the same time fail to understand each other.A
15、ctivity 4 Languages and Dialects in the United KingdomTask 1Comparing Scale and Distance in the British Isles and China Task 2Languages used in Britain:English all over the kingdom,about 55 million people use it all the timeWelsh still used in WalesGaelic used in Scotland and IrelandSome other langu
16、ages like Polish and Indian subcontinentBilingual,bi-dialectalTask 3A language is the major means of human communication:There are usually reckoned to be about 5000 languages in use in the world.Only some of these have a writing system.A dialect is a variety of a language but there is no sure way to
17、 tell a different language from a different dialect.The term accent has to do only with the sounds of speech.Summary1.Compared with China,England is a small country.2.Communications are good,and it is usually possible to reach every part of it quickly.3.You might expect to find that the same languag
18、e is spoken in a very similar way in different parts but you would be wrong.4.There are many different languages spoken by minorities in the United Kingdom.5.English is spoken in different parts in very different ways that is,there are many regional dialects.6.Regional dialects generally are not so
19、well respected as the Standard English you have studied.7.Most native speakers can understand several dialects and have difficulty with others.Activity 5 Experiencing Some Regional Varieties of EnglishTask 1Introduction to a Rather Different Sort of ActivityTask 2Studying the same Text First in Stan
20、dard English and Then in Four Regional Varieties Task 3Listening to regional varieties Task 4Investigating some Practical Applications of This ActivitySummary1.Only some speakers in each of these places speaks in this way all the time.Some can speak in this way when they want to and quite differentl
21、y when they choose.They are bi-dialectal.2.The speakers who use only the accents you heard tend to be the older and the less well educated people in the community.3.This Activity should show you that the English you study is only one variety among many but it is a uniquely important one.Key Points:K
22、ey Points:Identify the place of English among other related languages Identify Standard English among other varieties Understand and explain what is meant by structural differences among languages Understand and explain how users of English as a second language can use knowledge abut English Difficu
23、lt Points:Difficult Points:English differs at different times Language families Bi-dialectal UNIT 2English in the PastThis uint tells something about the past history of English.Just as English is different in different places so it varies at different times.There are historical dialects just as the
24、re are regional dialects.Language is shaped by the experiences of the people who use it and changes with their changing needs.we shall start with a look at the English of some past timesand then move further back in time to see how English came to be spoken ni the United Kingdom,and how it is nearly
25、 related to some languages and only distantly related,or not related at all,to others.this sort of study may seem at first sight a long way removed from everyday concerns,But it is closely connected with a pressing problemfor all students and teathers of languagesWhy is it that languageare so much h
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