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1、English GrammarChapter Twoword-formationword-formationword-buildingmain methods minor methods转化法 conversion合成法 compounding /composition派生法 derivation /affixation 词缀法截短法 clipping/shortening拼缀法 blending缩略词 abbreviation首字母缩略词 acronym反转构词法 back-formation(1)v.n.try,look,say (2)n.v.book,chair,bridge(3)adj
2、.v.slow,calm,better(4)ad.v.further,forward(5)adj.n.bitter,final,daily (6)others n.ups and downs,a he or a she?a must;compound noun compound adjectivecompound pronouncompound verbcompound adverb词根词根 root/base;前缀前缀 prefix words meaning 后缀后缀 suffix word classsome prefixes word class1 common prefix2 com
3、mon noun suffix3 common adj.suffix4 common verb suffix5 common adv.suffix6 common num.suffix7 common num.prefix1 截头截头 telephone phone;aeroplane plane;2 去尾去尾 exam;lab;ad;dorm;pop;photo;kilo;gym3 即截头又去尾即截头又去尾 refrigerator fridge;influenza flu4 几个词几个词 一个词一个词 nylon-stockings nylons;popular song singer p
4、op-singer three-dimensional film Three-D smog smoke+fogbrunch breakfast+lunch motel motor+hotel botel boat+hotel Oxbridge Oxford+Cambridge1 首首+尾尾 interpol international+police sci-fi science+fiction moped motor+pedal sitcom situation+comedy comsat communication+satellite 2 首首+首首 airtel air+hotel car
5、becue car+barbecue autopia auto+utopia workfare work+welfare lunarnaut lunar+astronaut 3 全全+尾尾 slimnastics slim+gymnastics medicare medical+care medichair medical+chair helipad helicopter+pad televiewer television+viewertelediagnosis television+diagnosis4 首首+全全 Mr.Mrs.Ms.Dr.Prof.Apt.Rd.St.Ave.No.a.m
6、.p.m.AD/A.D.BC/B.C.kg.km.dl.m.dm.cm.mm.TV/T.V.FL.PA.S.N.E.W.anti-反;抗;防反;抗;防 anti-imperialist;antibody;arch-主要的主要的 arch-enemy;archbishop;arch-criminal;auto-自(动)的自(动)的 automobile;autobiography;bi-双双 bicycle;bilingual;by-在旁;副;次要的在旁;副;次要的 bystander;by-product;by-election;by-effect;co-共同共同 co-existence;c
7、o-operation;co-worker;counter-反反 counter-clockwise;counter-revolutionary;de-除去;否定除去;否定 demilitarize;decentralization;dis-不;否定(做相反动作)不;否定(做相反动作)disorder;disarmament;en-;em-使成为使成为 enable;enlarge;enslave;encourage;embed;ex-前前,向外向外 ex-president;ex-wife;export;extra-外外 extraordinary;extra-curricular;extr
8、a-official;for-;fore-先;前;预先;前;预 forward;foresee;forearm;foretaste;foreman;for-禁;弃禁;弃 forbid;forget;forgohydro-水水 hydro-electric;hydroplane;in-;im-;il-;ir-不;非不;非 informal;impossible;immoral;irregular;illegal;inter-间;相互间;相互 interview;international;mal-恶恶 maltreat;malnutrition;malpractice;micro-百万分之一;微
9、;放大;百万分之一;微;放大;microsecond;microfilm;microphone;mid-中中 midday;midnight;mid-autumn;mid-term;mis-误误 mislead;misunderstand;mono-单一单一 monotonous;monolingual;monosyllabic;monologue;multi-多多 multi-national;multi-purpose;multi-colored;multilateral;neo-新新 neoclassical;neo-colony;non-不;非不;非 nonexistent;nonse
10、nse;non-stop;non-smoker;post-后于后于 post-war;postgraduate;pre-先于先于 prepay;pre-war;pre-revolution;pro-赞成;亲善;代替赞成;亲善;代替 pronoun;pro-American;pro-consul;pseudo-伪伪 pseudo-science;pseudonym;re-重;再;复重;再;复 reunite;review;reread;retell;semi-半半 semi-weekly;semi-final;semiconductor;semi-colonial;sub-下;次下;次 subs
11、tructure;subway;subdivide;subheading;super-上;上;超超 supermarket;super-profit;superpower;superstructure;syn-;sym-;syl-同同 synonym;sympathy;tele-远远 telegram/telegraph;telephone;telescope;television;trans-横过;转移横过;转移 transport;transplant;transformation;transoceanic;tri-三三 triangle;trichord;tricar;ultra-之外;
12、极;超之外;极;超 ultra-violet;ultra-leftist;ultramicroscope;un-不不 unjust;unable;untrue;unfair;uni-一;单一;单 uniform;unilateral;unisex;unique;unicycle;vice-副副 vice-governor;vice-dean;vice-president;over-过于;上过于;上 overdo;over-estimate;under-不够;下不够;下 underfeed;under-estimate;underground;self-自动(我)自动(我)self-starte
13、r;self-service;self-correcting;mini-特小的特小的 minibus;miniskirt;minicab;hyper-超;过分超;过分 hyperactive;hypertension;hypersensitive;poly-多多 polytechnic;polysemy;polygamy;polychrome;age 状态;集合状态;集合 marriage;shortage;teenage;al 动作;性质;状态动作;性质;状态 signal;arrival;withdrawal;revival;approval;refusal;an 人;语人;语 Ameri
14、can;Russian;Italian;ance 性质;状态;动作性质;状态;动作 acceptance;importance;appearance;ant,ent 人人 merchant;assistant;defendant;student;ate 职务;动作涉及对象;职务;动作涉及对象;盐酸盐酸 doctorate;consulate;electorate;sulphate;ation/ition 动作动作 repetition preparation;competition;cide 杀杀 insecticide;suicidecracy 统治统治 bureaucracy;democr
15、acy;aristocracy;craft 技巧;工艺;飞行器技巧;工艺;飞行器 handicraft;aircraft;dom 状态;领域状态;领域 kingdom;freedom;wisdom;ee(被动)人(被动)人 employee;absentee;trainee;eer 人人 engineer;volunteer;ence/ency(抽象(抽象n.)currency;dependence;excellence;frequency;er 人;动作者人;动作者 thinker;writer;washer;harvester;ese 人;语人;语 Chinese;Japanese;Hun
16、anese;Viennese;Vietnameseess 女性女性 actress;princess;goddess;shepherdess;tailoressette 小;假小;假/人造;女性;组人造;女性;组/组合组合 cigarette;kitchenette;dinette;usheretteful 量量 spoonful;handful;armful;mouthful;graph 书写;录书写;录 telegraph;photograph;hood 身份;境遇;状态身份;境遇;状态 childhood;livelihood;likelihood;neighborhood;ian 人人
17、 Christian;guardian;musician;technician;ice 抽象抽象n.justice;service;ing 物体;概念物体;概念 building;feeling;painting;wedding;ion 抽象抽象n.expansion;discussion;decision;ism 主义;教主义;教 feudalism;Buddhism;imperialism;ist 主义者;人主义者;人 artist;socialist;communist;ity 抽象抽象n.possibility;capability;let 小小 booklet;streamlet;l
18、eaflet;bracelet;ling 小小(有时有轻蔑之义)(有时有轻蔑之义)duckling;sapling;logy 学科学科 psychology;geology;philology;biology;man 人人postman;countryman;Frenchman;ment 运动;结果运动;结果 judgment;government;movement;payment;ness 状态;性质状态;性质 tiredness;correctness;or 人;动作者人;动作者 tractor;accelerator;editor;ry/ery 行为性质工作(地点)行为性质工作(地点)货
19、物种类;境遇货物种类;境遇 bravery;cookery;nursery;drapery;slavery;ministry;peasantry;ship 状态;身份状态;身份 sportsmanship;hardship;apprenticeship;leadership;sion 动作;状态动作;状态 tension;revision;th 结果;过程结果;过程 truth;depth;wealth;health;tion 动作;状态动作;状态 attention;action;ty 抽象抽象n.certainty;cruelty;specialty;loyalty;ure 结果;动作结果
20、;动作 procedure;departure;y抽象抽象n.difficulty;discovery;modesty;inquiry;WTO world trade organizationUNESCO United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural OrganizationOPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesAPEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation GroupVIP very important personSAR special adm
21、inistration regionIQ intelligence quotientAI Artificial IntelligenceSARS Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeUFO Unidentified Flying Objecteditor edit;mass-production mass-produce;typewriter typewrite;dry-cleaning dry-clean;sightseeing sightsee;able/ible 能够能够 tolerable;sensible;al 的的 cultural;additiona
22、l;national;an(语、地、人)的(语、地、人)的 Russian;Asian;African;ant/ent 的的 arrogant;excellent;diligentary 的的 secondary;honorary;imaginary;revolutionaryate 的的 fortunate;passionate;affectionate;collegiateed 有;像有;像 many-sided;talented;skilled;en 的的 golden;woolen;wooden;ern 方向方向 northern;southern;ese(地、人)的(地、人)的 Vi
23、etnamese;Viennese;fold 倍倍 twofold;manifoldful 的的 useful;helpful;hopeful;beautiful;ial 的的 editorial;racial;material;ian(人)的(人)的 Canadian;Christianic/ical 的(有些意义不同)的(有些意义不同)electric/electrical;historic/historical;typical;poetic/poetical;grammatical;ish 属于;稍微属于;稍微 British;bookish;childish;selfish;yello
24、wish;ist/istic(主义)的;(主义)的;artistic;idealistic;materialistic;ive 性;倾向性;倾向 active;attractive;impressive;less 无无 fearless;meaningless;like 如如 homelike childlike;father-like;ly 品质;的品质;的 weekly;daily;friendly;comradely;lovely;most 最最 foremost;topmost;utmost;ous 多多 nervous;glorious;superstitious;some 引起;适
25、于;易于引起;适于;易于 troublesome;tiresome;ward 向向 backward;inward;outward;y 充满;性质充满;性质 rainy;handy;mighty;icy;ate isolate;consolidate;facilitate;formulate;en deepen;shorten strengthen;ify purify;classify;simplify;intensify;ize/ise realize;modernize;industrialize;mechanizely quickly;swiftly;highlyward(s)forw
26、ard;upwards;wise clockwise likewise;otherwise;teen 13-19ty 20,30,40,90th 4th,5th,6th,1 en-+n./adj.v.endanger;enslave;enlarge2 be-+n./adj.v.belittle;befriend;behead3 a-+n.adj./ad.asleep;aboard;aside;ashore;away;awake;ablaze4 out-+vi.vt.outrun;outlive;outshine;outvote5 out-+vi.n.outcome;outlet;outlaw;
27、outlook;1 mono-uni-一;单一;单 monologue,monoxide,uniform;unilateral;unisex;unique;unicycle2 di-/bi-dialogue,dioxide,bicycle,bilingual3 tri-triangle;trichord;tricar;trisect4 rect-直,正直,正 rectangle,rectum,rectilineal5 pent(a)-pentagon,pentagram,pentameter6 hex(a)-sex-hexagon,sexangle,sexennial7 hepta-/sept-heptagon,heptameter,septilateral septwolf8 oct-octa-octo-octagon,octameter9 nona-ennea-nonagon,enneagon,ennead10 deci-/deca-decagon,decaliter,decimal,decagram11 centi-centimeter,century,centipede12 milli-millimeter,millennium,millipede 13 kilo-kilowatt,kilobyte,kilometer,kilogram
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