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1、 Grammar The Attributive Clause The restrictive&non-restrictive attributive clausesThe restrictive&non-restrictive attributive clauses Practice:complete the sentences with suitable Practice:complete the sentences with suitable relatives.relatives.1.I know the reason _ he came late.2.Do you know the
2、woman,_son went to college last year?3.The house _ color is red is johns.4.This is the best film _ Ive ever seen.5.Thats the town _ he worked in 1987.6.I have 2 brothers,_ are both soldiers.7.Next week,_ youll spend in your hometown,is coming.8.Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes,neither of _fits me well.why
3、whosewhosethatwherewhowhichwhichNotice:Notice:Pay more attention to the agreement between the verb and the antecedent in person and number in the attributive clause,and then complete the sentences:1.Those who _ to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m.(want)2.He who _ the great wal
4、l is not a true man.(not reach)3.She is the only one of the girls who _ been to Beijing.(have)4.He is one of the boys who _ seen the film.(have)wantdoesnt reachhashave1.当关系代词在句子中作主语时当关系代词在句子中作主语时,从句从句谓语谓语动词必须和动词必须和先行词先行词在在人称和数上人称和数上保持一致保持一致.2.当先行词是当先行词是“one of+n.(pl.)”,从句从句谓语动词谓语动词用用复数复数.3.当先行词是当先行词
5、是“the”or“the only/very one“,从句谓语动词用单数从句谓语动词用单数.Conclusion 1:Conclusion 1:1.The time _ I went to Tokyo is in 1982.2.Ill never forget the time _ I spent at college.3.The shop _ I bought the book in is big.4.4.The shop _ I bought the book is big.when/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwhere/in whichConclusion 2:当
6、先行词是表示当先行词是表示时间或地点时间或地点的的名词时名词时,并不总是用并不总是用“when”or“where来引导从句来引导从句,而是取决于而是取决于关系词在从中的作用关系词在从中的作用The Difference Between“that”and“which”.Complete the following sentences with“that”or“which”.1.This is the 2nd article _ I have written in English.2.It is the best film _ he has ever seen.3.This is the very
7、 book _ I want to read.4.All _ they told me surprised me.5.They talked about the teachers and schools _ they had visited.thatthatthatthatthat6.6.Who is the comrade _ was there?7.There is a bed in the room _is still vacant.8.Our village is no longer the place _ it used to be.9.He paid the boy$10 for
8、washing the windows,10.most of _ hadnt been cleaned at least 11.a year.10.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.11.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through _ he could see what was going on inside the house.thatthatthatwhich whichwhichConclusion 3:Conclusion 3:W
9、hen the antecedent refers to When the antecedent refers to thing(s),“thing(s),“that”is that”is often used in the following cases:often used in the following cases:1.用在用在序数词序数词和和最高级最高级的后面的后面.2.用在下列词之后用在下列词之后:all,only,little,few,much,very,none,last,just,any(thing),every(thing),some(thing),no(thing).3.
10、先行词中既有先行词中既有人也有物人也有物时时.4.用在用在疑问代词疑问代词“which”or“who”之后之后.5.当当关系代词关系代词在句中作在句中作表语表语6.当当主句主句是是“there be”.下列情况用下列情况用 which非限制性定语非限制性定语.整个句子都是先行词整个句子都是先行词,且有且有“,”1.Tell me the reason _ you were late for class.2.Who is the girl _ is speaking there?3.This is Mr.Smith,_ has something interesting to tell you.
11、4.The computer _ CPU doesnt work has to be repaired.whythatwhowhoseFill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences.5.This kind of computer,_ is well-known,is out of date.6.This is just the place _ Ive been longing to visit for years.7.His mother is an engineer,_ makes
12、him very proud.8.The old man has 4 sons,three of _ are doctors.whichthatwhichwhomThe attributive clause&the appositive The attributive clause&the appositive clauseclause一、从词类上区别一、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,bel
13、ief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,ordertruth,possibility,promise,order等表示等表示抽象意义抽象意义的名的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。分或整个主句。如:如:Word came that he had gone abroad.Word came that he had gone abroad.据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)His mothe
14、r did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。(定语从句,代词(定语从句,代词allall作先行词)作先行词)The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Appositive ClauseAppositive Clause 二、从性质上区别二、从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制修饰或限
15、制,属于属于形容词性形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:属于名词性从句的范畴。如:The news that our team has won the game The news that our team has won the game is true.is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明(同位语从句,补充说明newsnews的内容。)的内容。)The news(that)he told me yest
16、erday is true.The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,定语从句,that that 从句作定语修饰从句作定语修饰news)news)三、从引导词及其在句子中的三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份成份上区别有些上区别有些引导词引导词如如how,whether,whathow,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,可以引导同位语从句,但不能但不能引导定语从句。如:引导定语从句。如:I have no idea what has happened to him.I ha
17、ve no idea what has happened to him.我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句)我不知道他发生了什么事。(同位语从句)引导词引导词thatthat引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用或宾语(指物时还可以用whichwhich代替),并且作宾语时代替),并且作宾语时常常省略。常常省略。ThatThat在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成份,并且不能省略,也不能用任何成份,并且不能省略,也不能用whichwhich来代替。来代替。The order that we(should
18、)send a few people The order that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。已收到了。(同位语从句,是对(同位语从句,是对orderorder的具体解释,的具体解释,thatthat虽不作成份,但不能省略)虽不作成份,但不能省略)The order(that)we
19、received yesterday was The order(that)we received yesterday was that we(should)send a few people to help the that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词(定语从句,是名词orderorder的修饰语,的修饰语,thatthat在从句中作在从句中作received
20、received的宾语,可以省略)的宾语,可以省略)从从A A、B B、C C、D D四个选项中,选出可以填入四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。空白处的最佳选项。1.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether2.Luckily,wed brought a road map without_ we would have lost our way.A.it B.that C.this D.which3.There
21、 is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _road conditions need _.A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved C.where;improving D.when;improvingBDA5.5.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as6.Th
22、e fact came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A.what B.which C.that D.whose7.A decision was made _ those who wanted to get a job in the factory would not be allowed to stay.A.what B.when C.which D.thatBCD8.The question came up at the meeting _ we had enoug
23、h money for our research.A.that B.what C.which D.whether9.The reason _ he is late is _ there was a breakdown on the railway.A.why;why B.why;thatC.because;that D.that;becauseDBThe attributive clause&the emphasis structureThe attributive clause&the emphasis structure强调句型的句式结构为:强调句型的句式结构为:“It is/was+It
24、 is/was+被强调部被强调部分分 +that/whothat/who从句从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,一律在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,一律用用thatthat,而不用而不用when,whywhen,why或或howhow;在强调主语和宾语时,如果主语和宾语指代人,在强调主语和宾语时,如果主语和宾语指代人,则可用则可用whowho和和whomwhom来代替来代替that,that,但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。The Difference Bet
25、ween the Attributive Clause The Difference Between the Attributive Clause and the Emphasis Structureand the Emphasis Structure4.It was _ he came to Macao _ he knew what 4.It was _ he came to Macao _ he knew what kind of place it was.kind of place it was.A.that;when B.until;that A.that;when B.until;t
26、hat C.not until;when D.not until;that C.not until;when D.not until;that5._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an 5._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.international language.A.There B.This C.That D.ItA.There B.This C.That D.ItDD定语从句和强调句型的判断方法:定语从句和强调句型的判断
27、方法:若将句中的若将句中的“It is/was”It is/was”和和“that/who”that/who”去掉,而句子不缺成分,去掉,而句子不缺成分,结构完整,说明原句是强调句型;若句子结构不结构完整,说明原句是强调句型;若句子结构不完整,则说明原句为定语从句。完整,则说明原句为定语从句。1.1.It was not until 1920 _ regular radio It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.(1995 broadcasts began.(1995高考卷高考卷)A.while B.which C.tha
28、t D.sinceA.while B.which C.that D.since2._ was his kindness that everyone praised 2._ was his kindness that everyone praised him.him.A.It B.What C.So D.SuchA.It B.What C.So D.SuchCA6.It was not until we came back from outside _ 6.It was not until we came back from outside _ out of his bed.out of his
29、 bed.A.did he get B.when he got A.did he get B.when he got C.that he got D.then he got C.that he got D.then he got7.When was it _ you met him in the library?7.When was it _ you met him in the library?A.where B.that C.in which D.whichA.where B.that C.in which D.which8.It was near the place _ there is a bomb 8.It was near the place _ there is a bomb _ we found the dead man._ we found the dead man.A.where;where B.where;that A.where;where B.where;that C.that;where D.that;that C.that;where D.that;thatCBB
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