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1、情态动词与高考情态动词与高考(复习课复习课)一、情态动词的基本特征一、情态动词的基本特征:情态动词本身有词义,表示说话的语气或情态,情态动词本身有词义,表示说话的语气或情态,但不能单独在句中作谓语,只能同动词原形一道构但不能单独在句中作谓语,只能同动词原形一道构成句子谓语,它们没有人称和数的变化,大多用于成句子谓语,它们没有人称和数的变化,大多用于所有人称。所有人称。二、常见的情态动词:二、常见的情态动词:can/could,be able to,may/might,must,have to,need,dare/dared,should,ought to,shall,will/would,三、
2、情态动词考点分布情况:三、情态动词考点分布情况:、常见情态动词的基本用法:、常见情态动词的基本用法:1.can/could:“能、会能、会”“可以可以”(用于现在、过去和将来(用于现在、过去和将来三种时态)三种时态)cant/couldnt:“不能、不可以不能、不可以”be able to:“能、会能、会”(用于多种时态)(用于多种时态)may/might:“可以(可以(=can/could)”must:“必须、一定必须、一定”(表主观看法,)(表主观看法,)have to:“必须、不得不必须、不得不”(表客观需要,有人称、数、(表客观需要,有人称、数、时时 态的变化)态的变化)mustnt:
3、“一定不、千万不一定不、千万不”表禁止之意表禁止之意 neednt=dont have to:“不必不必”1.A computer _ think for itself,it must be told what to do.(91)A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not2.-Will you stay for lunch?(99)-Sorry,_.My brother is coming to see me.A.I mustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wont3.-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Y
4、es,of course you _.(92)A.might B.will C.can D.should4.Johnny,you _ play with the knife,you _ hurt yourself.(96)A.wont;cant B.mustnt;may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt5.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.can B.must C.need D.may (20
5、01上海上海)6.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will(2003)7.I dont mind telling you what I know.(2004江苏江苏)-You _.Im not asking you for it.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt8.Children under 12 years of age in that
6、 country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.(2004上海)上海)A.must B.may C.can D.need9.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.(97)A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to注意:注意:could:表过去的能力作:表过去的能力作“能、会能、会”讲时,可与讲时,可与was/were able to互换,但在表示过去经过努力才完成的互换,但在表示过去
7、经过努力才完成的事情时(即:事情时(即:managed to do sth.),只用),只用was/were able to,不可用,不可用could;2、shall:用作情态动词:用作情态动词:A、用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或、用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或 向对方提出建议;向对方提出建议;-Shall Tom/I sweep the floor today?-Ok./Thats a good idea.B、用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的、用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的“命命 令令”“禁止禁止”“警告警告”“许诺许诺”“威胁威
8、胁”等。如:等。如:You shall do as I say.(=must 表命令)表命令)He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.(表警告)(表警告)Tell him that he shall get the book tomorrow.(许诺)许诺)10.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.(2003北京春北京春)A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do3.should的用法的用法.should=ought to:应当、应该(表义务、责任)应当、应该(表义务、责任)Yo
9、u shouldnt be so careless.你不应当这样粗心大意。你不应当这样粗心大意。.should:“竟然竟然”表惊奇、遗憾等表惊奇、遗憾等It is astonishing that we should find violence here.我们这儿竟然有有暴力行为,真令人震惊。我们这儿竟然有有暴力行为,真令人震惊。.should:可能、该(表可能性、推测或推论)可能、该(表可能性、推测或推论)They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.他们这时候应该已到北京了。他们这时候应该已到北京了。The report is writt
10、en after careful investigation,so it is should be reliable 11.Im surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)_ trick.(2001春)春)A.ordinary B.easy C.smart D.simple12.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _ be here at any moment.(95)A.must B.need C.should D.can13.-When can I come for the photos?I nee
11、d them tomorrow afternoon.(98)-They _ be ready by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.need14.I _ pay Tracy a visit,but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.(2004浙江)浙江)A.should B.might C.would D.could.should:“应该应该”(表虚拟)(表虚拟)句型一:句型一:insist等等+that-clause(“should+动词原形动词原形”或或“动动 词原形词原形”)能用此句型的动词有:
12、二命令:能用此句型的动词有:二命令:order,command 三建议:三建议:suggest,advise,propose 四要求:四要求:require,request,demand,desire但是:但是:insist(坚持说(坚持说/坚持认为),坚持认为),suggest(暗示(暗示/表明)表明)后的宾语从句用陈述语气。后的宾语从句用陈述语气。The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.The dark clouds suggest that it is going to rain soon.can/could,may/migh
13、t和和must表推测:表推测:1、must:“一定是、准是一定是、准是”只用于肯定,其结构如下:只用于肯定,其结构如下:must+动词原形:对现在情况的推测;动词原形:对现在情况的推测;must+be doing:对现在情况的推测;:对现在情况的推测;must+have done:对过去情况的推测;:对过去情况的推测;2、can/could:用于否定和疑问,:用于否定和疑问,cant/couldnt+动词原形:动词原形:“不可能不可能”cant/couldnt+be doing:“不可能在做不可能在做”cant/couldnt+have done:“不可能已经不可能已经”3、may/might
14、:“也许、可能也许、可能”用于肯定、否定,用于肯定、否定,may/might+动词原形:动词原形:may/might+have done:may/might not+动词原形:动词原形:may/might not+have done:15.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.(93)A.must B.may C.can D.will16.-Are you coming to Jeffs party?(2000)-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.woul
15、d C.should D.might 17.I didnt hear the phone.I _ asleep.(89)A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been18.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.(95)-It _ a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been19.-Do
16、you think our basketballers played very well yesterday?-_.(2001上海)上海)A.They were not nervous at all B.They were still young C.They played naturally D.They couldnt have done better20.Is John coming by train?(2002)-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may21.Naturally,a
17、fter I told her what to do,my daughter _ go and do the opposite!(2003春春)A.may B.can C.must D.should22.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.must C.could D.would (2002北京北京)23.You _ be tired;youve only been working for an ho
18、ur.(2004)A.must not B.wont C.cant D.may not24.Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?-Sorry,I am not sure.But it _ be.A.might B.will C.must D.can (2004湖北湖北)25.Isnt that Anns husband over there?(2004安徽安徽)-No,it _ be him.Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A.cant B.must not C.wont D.may not注意
19、:注意:must/can/may表推测时,其反意疑问句的构成如下:表推测时,其反意疑问句的构成如下:He must be in the classroom,isnt he?He must have seen the film,hasnt he?He must have seen the film last month,didnt he?、情态动词表虚拟时的结构、情态动词表虚拟时的结构1.情态动词后接完成体的四个句型:情态动词后接完成体的四个句型:、could/might have done:“本来可以本来可以”、should/ought to have done:“本应该本应该”、should
20、 not/ought not to have done:“本不该本不该”、neednt have done:“本不必本不必”注意:注意:以上四个结构都指过去的情况以上四个结构都指过去的情况,表并未如此表并未如此,在客观在客观陈述事实时要用一般过去时陈述事实时要用一般过去时.26.Sorry Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will (2000春)春)27.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
21、(98)-Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 28.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _ for her.(94)A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out29.I was really anxious about you.You _
22、 home without a word.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have left (2001)C.couldnt have left D.neednt leave30.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told (93)2.含含if条件句的复合句中:条件句的复合句中:句型一:句型一:If(过去式(过去式/were),主句),主句(should/would/could/might +动原动原)“愿意、会愿意、
23、会/能能 /也许也许”句型二:句型二:If(had done),主句),主句(should/would/could/might+have done)“愿意、会愿意、会/能能/也许也许”31.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from going.(89)A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented32.-If he _,he _ that food.(93)-Luckily he
24、was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken33.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.(94)A.has come D.did come C.came D.had come34
25、.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.(96)A.drove;didnt get B.drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got35.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.(91)A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be可兼做行为动词的情态动词:可兼做行为动词的情态动词:need、dare 情态动词(+
26、动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化;2.2.尤其用于:尤其用于:*否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中;*在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后;*或与或与hardlyhardly,nevernever,no oneno one,nobodynobody连用连用;3.3.常以常以neednneednt t 和和darendarent t 的形式出现的形式出现;4.dare4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared.多用于肯定句多用于肯定句;(sb.)need to do dare to do(sth.)need to be do
27、ne(sth.)need doing 注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答:-Need I finish the work today?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No,you _.-Must we do it now?-No,you _.neednt(dont have to)neednt(dont have to)表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may,might cant,couldntcan,could +V.+V.+have done常见常见must be +be doing +V.+V.+have done +be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不”+V.+V.+have done +be doing+V.+V.+have done +be doing
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