美国的西部扩张.ppt
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1、WestwardWestwardExpansionExpansionkuanglandyCONTENTS1Introduction 2Background 3Process 4Important Terms,People,and EventsIntroductionIn the span of five years,the United States increased its size by a third.It annexed Texas in 1845;negotiated with Britain for half of the Oregon country;and acquired
2、California,Nevada,Utah,and parts of Arizona,Colorado,New Mexico,and Wyoming as a result of a war with Mexico.Americas dramatic territorial expansion intensified the sectional conflict between North and South and raised the fateful and ultimately divisive issue of whether slavery would be allowed in
3、the western territories.It took American colonists a century and a half to expand as far west as the Appalachian Mounts,a few hundred miles from the Atlantic coast.It took another fifty years to push the frontier to the Mississippi River.Seeking cheap land and inspired by the notion that Americans h
4、ad a“manifest destiny”to stretch across the continent,pioneers by 1850 pushed the edge of settlement to Texas,the Southwest,and the Pacific Northwest.历史背景历史背景早在北美殖民地时期,向西移民的活动就开始了。南部的奴隶主、北部的土地投机商和工业资本家高利贷者老百姓,都希望在西部获得土地。英国政府为了把殖民地人民限制在能够控制的地方,于1763年颁布了禁止移民越过阿巴拉契亚山脉以西的公告令。独立革命粉碎了这一规定。1783年英美议定了和平解决方案
5、,英国把阿巴拉契亚山以西至密西西比河这一大片印第安人所有的土地,开放给了美国。1830年5月,A杰克逊总统通过了印第安人迁移法,把印第安人迁到密西西比河以西。美国也向密西西比河以西扩张,用购买和战争手段兼并了法国、西班牙、英国的殖民地和墨西哥的大片国土。The original territory of the United States as acknowledged by the treaty with Great Britain,in 1783,consisted of the following thirteen States:New Hampshire,Massachusetts B
6、ay,Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,Connecticut,New York,New Jersey,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,North Carolina,South Carolina,and Georgia.All the territory west of the present boundaries of the States was ceded(割让)by them to the United States in the order named:Virginia,1784;Massa
7、chusetts,1785;Connecticut,1786 and 1800;South Carolina,1787;North Carolina,1790;Georgia,1802.This ceded territory comprised part of Minnesota,all of Wisconsin,Michigan,Illinois,Indiana,Ohio,Tennessee,and a great part of Alabama and Mississippi.Vermont was admitted as a separate State in 1791;Kentuck
8、y,then a part of Virginia,in 1792;and Maine,till that time claimed by Massachusetts,in 1820.ProcessAfter the War of 1812 much of Americas attention turned to exploration and settlement of its territory to the West,which had been greatly enlarged by the Louisiana Purchase.Families of pioneers swept w
9、estward and founded new communities throughout what is now the Midwest,and between 1816 and 1821,six new states were admitted to the Union.A major aspect of the conquest of the West was the removal of the Indians who dwelled there.Under the leadership of President Andrew Jackson,the Indians who rema
10、ined East of the Mississippi were cruelly and violently driven from their homes and concentrated in reservations in what is now Oklahoma.The US Army crushed any resistance to removal.With the West cleared of this obstacle,westerners focused on developing new methods of transporting their goods to ma
11、rket.The canal and railroad systems,which grew up in the North,facilitated a much larger volume of trade and manufacturing while reducing costs a great deal.Great cities sprang up throughout the North and Northwest,bolstered by the improvement in transportation.After the Midwest had been substantial
12、ly developed,the national focus turned toward the far west.The territory of Texas,controlled by the Spanish,was settled by Americans,who eventually undertook the Texas Rebellion in efforts to win independence.When the United States admitted Texas to the Union in 1845,the Mexican government was outra
13、ged,and from 1846 to 1848,the two nations squared off in the Mexican War.With a resounding victory,the United States gained control of Texas,New Mexico,and California.The Oregon territory was annexed in 1846 as well,and the US controlled the land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.As the population of
14、 the West soared and the prospects of statehood for western territories appeared clearer and clearer,the nation battled over the future of slavery in the West.This battle was one reason for the Civil War,which slowed the acceleration of expansion.However,the last three decades of the nineteenth cent
15、ury saw the return of accelerating expansion due to the successful struggle to contain the Plains Indians in reservations,and the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869.By the early twentieth century,the organization of the West was completed,and the United States consisted of all 48 co
16、ntiguous states.The westward movement of the American population occurred in intermittent断断续续的 flurries of settlement.The first began early in the nations history,resulting in the statehood of Vermont,Kentucky,Tennessee,and Ohio,all of which were admitted to the Union between 1791 and 1803.With the
17、Louisiana Purchase the US doubled in size,opening up new regions to exploration and settlement.Once the War of 1812 ended,expansion began in earnest.The government was eager to enlarge the Union,and,accordingly,six new states joined the Union between 1816 and 1821:Indiana,Mississippi,Illinois,Alabam
18、a,Maine,and Missouri.Settlers of the west,called pioneers,usually migrated as families and settled along the rivers of the West in order to facilitate trade.Pioneers often settled among others who hailed from the same areas of the East,or shared similar customs or religion.For instance,Indiana was o
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