定语从句复习讲义- 高考英语复习.docx
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1、定语从句定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名次或代词即现行词。 定语从句通常出现在现行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:which、that、who、whom 、whose 关系副词有:when 、where、 why定语从句的引导词既起引导从句的作用,同时又担任从句的主语、宾语、定语(whose)、和状语,在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略,在非限制性定从中不可省。一、由which、that引导的定从,在从句中作主语、宾语,指物The building which/that stands near the river is our schoo
2、l.I lost the book (which/that)you gave me.二、由who、whom、that、whose在从句中主语、宾语、定语This is the man who/that helped me.I dont know the man (who/whom/that)you talked with.Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. the roof of which has fallen in. of which the roof has fallen in.三、使用关系副词应注意下列几点:1. 关系副词在
3、意义上都相当于一定的介词 + which结构: when = on (in, at, during) + which where = in (at, on) + which why = for which I was in Beijing on the day when (= on which) he arrived.The office where (= in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (= for which) we did it.2. 当先行词是表时间和表地点的词时,一定要注意分析
4、从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用 which 或 that; 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用 when 或 where, Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which / that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which / that mak
5、es radio parts.3. when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而 why 只能引导限制性定语从句。四、只用that 的情形1. 先行词是不定代词all, (a)little, few, much,none, everything, something, anything, nothing,等 All that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.2. 先行词被 all, any, no, muc
6、h, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时。 We heard clearly every word that he said3. 先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.4. 先行词被序数词修饰时 The first English novel (that) I read was A Tale of Two Cities. This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.5. 先行词被the only, the very 修饰时 The only t
7、hing that we can do is to give you some money. This is the very book (that ) Ive been looking for.6. 先行词既有人又有物时 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?7. 当特殊疑问词由who或which 引导时,为避免重复,常用that代替who或which Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which is the dictionary (that) y
8、ou bought yesterday?8. 当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.五、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只用which 或whom ,关系代词不能省略This is the house in which Shakespeare used to live.In the dark street, there wasnt single person to whom she could turn for help. Re
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