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1、辅辅音音音音素素1.按声带是否振动可分为清辅音和浊辅音两类,其中有2222 个是成对出现的:(1)清辅音:p,t,k,f,s,t,tr,ts,h (2)浊辅音:b,d,g,v,e,z,d,dr,dz,r m,n,l,w,j2.按发音方法可以分为:(1)爆破音:p,b,t,d,k,g气流从口腔冲出,送气有力 (2)摩擦音:f,v,e,s,z,h,r气流从发音器官的缝隙发生摩擦而发音 (3)破擦音:t,d,tr,dr,ts,dz 是爆破音和摩擦音的结合 (4)鼻辅音:m,n,气流从鼻腔通过 (5)舌边音:l 气流从舌额两旁空隙处流过 (6)半元音:w,j 像元音一样,气流直接从口腔通过,但又像辅音
2、一样,气流通过时与发音器官稍有摩擦。(1)(1)爆破音:爆破音:发音秘诀:双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔,发出爆破的声音。p pig pet plane apple happyb bank beef baby rabbit rubber注意:b 在字母 m 后通常不发音。如:climb bomb thumb发音秘诀:舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍,然后突然放开,气流冲出口腔,发出爆破的声音。t time tea taxi better matter jumped bookedd dog doctor daddy buddy opened played发音秘诀:舌后部抬起,紧贴软腭,形成阻碍,然后
3、舌后部突然离开,气流冲出口腔,发出爆破的声音。k car cup can kind like clock neck quick quietquestiong get give glad egg guess guest guide(2)(2)摩擦音摩擦音发音秘诀:下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿间的缝隙间通过,引起摩擦成音。f four fun family phone photo laugh tough giraffev very video violin five love leave发音秘诀:舌端靠近上齿龈,气流由舌端与齿龈间泻出,形成摩擦音。s sit sky city circle glass
4、 class face nice ricez zoo zero bags sisters nose rose发音秘诀:舌尖放在上下齿之间,气流由舌齿间的缝隙泻出,形成摩擦音。thank think three mouth month thumbe this that these those they their father发音秘诀:双唇稍收圆并突出,舌尖上卷,接近上齿龈,形成狭长通道,气流由此通道通过,形成摩擦音。sure sugar supper she shop cash ocean machine usual decision television pleasure treasure发
5、音秘诀:舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起靠近(但不要贴住),舌前部下陷,略成凹形,舌身两侧收拢,双唇略突出,气流由舌面与硬腭间摩擦而出,声带振动。r ready ride mirror carrot write wrong发音秘诀:嘴唇自然张开,呵气,声带不振动。h he her here hurry home who whose(3)破擦音破擦音发音秘诀:双唇微张并突出,舌尖顶住上齿龈,用力吐气。t chair cheap change lunch watch matchd ginger giraffe orange strange jump jobjudge发音秘诀:舌尖贴住上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流冲破
6、阻碍,破擦而成音。ts cats boats sports tastes kitesdz cards birds words rides发音秘诀:双唇略突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈形成阻碍,气流冲破阻碍,破擦成音。tr try trip travel train trueintroducedr dry drink driver dream dresschildren(4)(4)鼻音鼻音发音秘诀:双唇紧闭,舌头平放,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动。m moon much morning same time come thumb lamb注意:m 后面的 b 通常不发音。发音秘诀:双唇微开,舌尖顶上齿龈,气流从
7、鼻腔泻出,声带振动。n nine night name dinner know sign发音秘诀:双唇张开,舌尖顶住下齿龈,舌后部自然向上顶住,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动。think uncle sing finger wrong long(5)舌侧音舌侧音发音秘诀:出现在元音前,则被称为清晰音。发音时舌头向硬腭抬起,舌前端贴上齿龈,气流从舌的两侧溢出,发音清晰。出现在辅音前及词的末尾,则被称为模糊音。发音时舌尖抵上齿,舌面形成凹槽,舌后部上抬,气流从舌的两侧溢出,并在凹槽中产生共鸣。l look like world people ball pull tell(6)(6)半元音半元音发音秘诀:舌后部向软腭抬起,双唇收圆收小,并向前稍微突出,声带振动。音一经发出,立即向后面的元音滑动。单独发音时,后面须加元音,读成 ww water will wait what when why whichwhere发音秘诀:嘴成微笑状,舌尖顶下齿,舌面贴上颚,声带振动。音一经发出,立即向后面的元音滑动。单独发音时,后面须加元音,读成 j j yes you your year yellow yesterdayyoung
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