Book3-U2与课文相配写作材料(学生用)-(1).pdf
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1、Book3-U2Book3-U2 与课文相配写作材料与课文相配写作材料(学生用学生用)-(1)-(1)Cause-EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)Cause and EffectCause and Effect(因果关系)(因果关系)I.I.学习目标:学习目标:II.II.概述:概述:了解因果关系的写作方法了解因果关系的写作方法在日常生活中,当我们需要就某一主题发表见解时,在日常生活中,当我们需要就某一主题发表见解时,就需要用因果关系的方法来解释原因或告知结果(好就需要用因果关系的方法来解释原因或告知结果(好/坏)坏)。这种写作方法称为因果关系。这种写
2、作方法称为因果关系(Cause and Effect)(Cause and Effect)。因果关系写作方法也是大学英语四、六级考试写作部分因果关系写作方法也是大学英语四、六级考试写作部分的主要段落发展模式中的一种。的主要段落发展模式中的一种。因果关系一般分为两种:因果关系一般分为两种:一种是讨论事情发生的原因,称为一种是讨论事情发生的原因,称为 Cause EssayCause Essay;另一;另一种是讨论特定的事物发生后会产生什么结果,称为种是讨论特定的事物发生后会产生什么结果,称为Effect EssayEffect Essay。其结构是:。其结构是:(1)(1)Cause Essay
3、Cause EssayCause EssayCause Essay重重点点段落段落发发展模展模式式常用常用 OneOne reason,reason,InIn addition,addition,anotheranother连接连接 reason,Finallyreason,Finally词词 First of all,Second,In addition,Finally First of all,Second,In addition,Finally 2/18 2/18主题句和支撑句之间的关系主题句和支撑句之间的关系Cause 1Cause 1EffectEffectCause 2Cause
4、2Cause 3Cause 3Cause-EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)Example 1:Example 1:11It Itisisdifficultdifficultforfor workersworkerstotofindfindemployment this years.employment this years.(主题句)(主题句)2 One reason is that many industries2 One reason is that many industriesare not hiring new workers.are not
5、 hiring new workers.(支撑(支撑句句 1 1)2 In addition,industries are reducing2 In addition,industries are reducingtheir current staff levels because oftheir current staff levels because of实实例例a adeclinedeclineininnationalnationaleconomiceconomicconditions.conditions.(支撑句(支撑句 2 2)2 Another reason is that wo
6、rkers who2 Another reason is that workers whoonceonce mightmight havehave consideredconsidered earlyearlyretirementretirement areare nownow stayingstaying atat theirtheirjobs.jobs.(支撑句(支撑句 3 3)22 Finally,Finally,otherother workersworkers whowho onceonceviewview theirtheir jobjob asas optionaloptiona
7、l nownowmust keep their positions in ordermust keep their positions in ordertoto meetmeet theirtheir minimumminimum financialfinancialresponsibilities.responsibilities.(支撑句(支撑句 4 4)3/18 3/18Cause-EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)Example 2:Example 2:11 Bag-packingBag-packing travelingtraveling is
8、is enjoyingenjoying a ahigherhigher andand higherhigher popularitypopularity amongamongyoung people in China.young people in China.(主题句)(主题句)22FirstFirstofofall,all,forforpoorpoorfinancialfinancialcondition,condition,youngyoungpeoplepeoplepreferpreferthisthis economiceconomic traveling.traveling.(支撑
9、句(支撑句1 1)22Second,Second,under-guideunder-guidecomparedcomparedtouriststouristsininwithwitha apackage-tour,package-tour,bag-packersbag-packers enjoyenjoymoremorefreedomfreedomininplanningplanningthethewhole traveling.whole traveling.(支撑句(支撑句 2 2)2 In addition,it brings more fun with2 In addition,it
10、brings more fun withchanceschances ofof visitingvisiting long-desiredlong-desiredplaceplace asas longlong asas theythey likelike andandexperiencingexperiencing diversediverse folkloresfolklores asasmany as they can.many as they can.(支撑句(支撑句 3 3)22 Finally,Finally,it it rewardsrewards themthem withwi
11、th a a fitfitbuilt and a persevere character.built and a persevere character.(支(支撑句撑句 4 4)4/18 4/18Cause-EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)(2)Effect Essay(2)Effect EssayEffect EssayEffect Essay重重点点段落段落发发展模展模式式常用常用连接连接 As a result,Next,In addition,FinallyAs a result,Next,In addition,Finally词词Examp
12、le 1:Example 1:11 ItIt isis difficultdifficultforfor workersworkerstoto findfindemployment this years.employment this years.(主题句)(主题句)22 AsAsa a result,result,manymanyrecentrecent collegecollege实实例例graduatesgraduatesareareunemployedunemployedorortakingtakingpart-timepart-time jobsjobstotomeetmeetexp
13、enses.expenses.(支撑句(支撑句 1 1)2 Unemployment among high school2 Unemployment among high schoolgraduatesgraduateshashasmeantmeantthatthat largelargenumbers of teenagers are seekingnumbers of teenagers are seekingunemployment benefits.unemployment benefits.(支撑句支撑句2 2)5/18 5/18主题句和支撑句之间的关系主题句和支撑句之间的关系Eff
14、ect 1Effect 1CauseCauseEffect 2Effect 2Effect 3Effect 3Cause-EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)22 TheThe unemploymentunemployment figuresfigures areare thethehighest in decades.highest in decades.(支撑句(支撑句 3 3)22Finally,Finally,thethefederalfederalgovernmentgovernmentmustmust contributecontribute
15、largelarge amountsamounts ofofmoneymoneytotosupportsupportthethegrowinggrowingnumbersnumbers句句 4 4)Example 2:Example 2:11 Bag-packingBag-packing travelingtraveling isis enjoyingenjoying a ahigherhigherandandhigherhigherpopularitypopularityamongamongyoung people in china.young people in china.(主题句)(主
16、题句)22 AsAs a a result,result,moremore andand moremore youngyoungpeople comprehend the beauty andpeople comprehend the beauty andmagicmagic ofof naturenature andand further,further,fallfall ininlove with it.love with it.(支撑句(支撑句 1 1)22AfterAfterexperiencingexperiencingthetheamazingamazingmagnificence
17、magnificenceofofhighhighmountainsmountainsandand longlong riversrivers andand thethe charmingcharmingfolkloresfolklores ofof diversediverse peoples,peoples,theytheycannot help developing a feeling ofcannot help developing a feeling ofpatriotism.patriotism.(支撑句(支撑句 2 2)6/18 6/18ofofpeoplepeoplewhowho
18、arearereceiving welfare assistance.receiving welfare assistance.(支撑(支撑Cause-EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)22 Finally,Finally,thethe constantconstant comingcoming andandgoinggoingofofvisitorsvisitorsresultsresultsininthethedevelopment of local tourism and indevelopment of local tourism and inc
19、onsequence,that of local economyconsequence,that of local economyas a whole.as a whole.(支撑句(支撑句 3 3)(3)(3)其他过渡词:其他过渡词:表原因:表原因:because,as,since,for,owing to,due to,because,as,since,for,owing to,due to,as a result of,on account ofas a result of,on account of表表 结结 果果:thus,thus,so,so,hence,hence,consequ
20、ently,consequently,therefore,therefore,accordingly,accordingly,forforthisthisreason,reason,asasa aconsequenceconsequence(4)Other Expressions(4)Other ExpressionsCauseCause:(1)(1)There are several reasons why/for There are several reasons why/for(2)(2)The reasons for are The reasons for are(3)(3)is th
21、e result of is the result of(4)(4)is caused is caused by/due to/because ofby/due to/because ofEffect:Effect:(1)(1)The result/effect/consequence of is The result/effect/consequence of is(2)(2)(will)result in (will)result in(3)(3)Thus/Therefore/In view of,weThus/Therefore/In view of,we 7/18 7/18Cause-
22、EffectCause-Effect 写作(教师用材料)写作(教师用材料)(4)(4)may/can draw the following conclusionsmay/can draw the following conclusionsIII.III.范文分析范文分析The Joys of an Old CarThe Joys of an Old Car(1)Some of my friends cant believe that my car(1)Some of my friends cant believe that my carstill runs.(2)Others laugh wh
23、en they see it parkedstill runs.(2)Others laugh when they see it parkedoutside the house and ask if its an antique.(3)Butoutside the house and ask if its an antique.(3)Butthey arent being fair to my twenty-year-old Toyotathey arent being fair to my twenty-year-old ToyotaCorollaCorolla(丰田卡罗拉)(丰田卡罗拉).
24、(4)In fact,my antique has.(4)In fact,my antique hasopenedopened mymy eyeseyes toto thethe rewardsrewards ofof owningowning anan oldoldcar.car.(1)(1)FirstFirst obviousobvious rewardreward ofof owningowning mymy oldoldToyota is economy.(2)Twenty years ago,when myToyota is economy.(2)Twenty years ago,w
25、hen myhusband and I were newly married and nearly broke,husband and I were newly married and nearly broke,we bought the carwe bought the car a shiny red year-old leftover a shiny red year-old leftover forfor a a meremere$4,200.$4,200.(3)(3)TodayToday it it wouldwould costcost fourfourtimestimes asas
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