初中英语语法专项训练介词讲解.pdf
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1、中学英语语法专项训练中学英语语法专项训练 6 6介词介词中学英语介词讲解1介词的含义,介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。中考需要掌握的 11 个介词:in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before表示时间的介词A典型例题:1.in 1996/in 2002/in 1847(年份)2.in October/in February/in March(月份)3.in spring/in summer/in autumn/in winter(季节)4.in a week/in a year
2、 在 1 周/年中5.in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening 在上午/下午/晚上in those days 在当时/in no time 立刻/in the daytime在白天/in the future在将来/in oneminute 在 1 分钟内/最后 in the end表示较长时间(长于一天或短于一天)如:年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。-B典型例题:1.at ten oclock/at seven thirty.(表示某一钟点)2.at noon/at night/at midni
3、ght(在中午、晚上、半夜一天中相对短暂的时间)3.at the age of twenty/at the age of thirty-five(表示某一年龄)4.at that time 在那时/at the moment 这时、那时、此刻/at first 首先/at last 最后in the end/at once 立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends 在周末/在一年中的这个时候at this time of year/在 开始/结束时 at the beginning/end of表示时间的某一点(或表示某时刻)如:钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。-C典型例题:
4、1.on Monday/on Tuesday/on Wednesday/on Friday2.on January 1/on April 18/on May 313.on January 1,1988/on April 18,2002/on May 31,19774.on Monday morning/on Tuesday afternoon/on Wednesday evening5.on a winter morning/on a summer evening/on a autumn afternoon6.on the morning of May fifth7.on my birthda
5、y/on that day/on New Year s Day/on the first two days/on ChristmasDay8.值日 on duty/准时 on time/表示某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。-D典型例题:1.for two hours/for three days 2.for hundreds of years3.for the last three years/for the past three years 4.for a while1表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”“段时间”-E典型例题:1.from 9 oclock to
6、 11 oclock 2.from February to April 3.from 1980 to 1990 4.from then on 从那时候起(用于一般过去时),from now on 从现在起(用于一般将来时),fromtime to time 时不时地表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from to”-F典型例题:1.during the week 2.during those three months 3.during my visit 4.during the holidays/meeting 5.during the spring表示“在 的期间”要用介词“dur
7、ing”,during 表示在特定的时间里,其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。-G典型例题:1.since 1986/since 1977 2.since last summer/since last week/since last month3.since then 从那时以后 4.since he came here 自从他来了以后表示“自 以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。“since”“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。巩固练习:1.since 7 oclock last Monday-H典型例题:1.The park is open till 5.2.H
8、e didnt leave the park until 4.表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till/until”-I表示时间介词的比较 1典型例题:1.The train leaves at 8 oclock,so youd better be there by 7:50.火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。2.He left Shanghai at the end of last year.去年年底他离开了上海。(过去式)3.By the end of last year he had finished the work.到去年年底,他已经完成了工作。at 表示事
9、件发生在某一时间点上;by 表示事件发生在某一时间点前。at the end of+时间/地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。by the end of+时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。in the end=at last 最后-2典型例题:finished the work three days ago.2.He said he had finished the work three days before.1 will finish the work in three days.4.Three days later he finished the work.three days a
10、go表示从今天算起三天前;three days before表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前;inthree days 表示从今天算起的三天以后 Three days later 表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后;。ago,用于一般过去式;before,用于过去完成时;in 用于将来时。巩固练习1.Four days later he came back from Beijing.-3典型例题:1.before 2 oclock the meeting lunch 1990 before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之前 National Day 2.after 2 o
11、clock the meeting lunch 1990 after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特定的时间),表示在某个时间之后 National Day由 before 和 after 构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after 的习惯用法:after work/afterschool/after class巩固练习1.after 8 oclock2.after breakfast3.after a while 过了一会儿4.the day after tomorrow5.before supper6.before class7.the day before yesterday8.be
12、fore long 不久前-4.典型例题:one night/this month/that summer/last year/next week/the day before yesterday/the week after next 再下一周由 one/this/that/last/next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。-表示方位的介词 A典型例题:1.在树上 in the tree/在同一个班 in the same class/在北京 in Beijing 2.在世界上 in the world/在河里 in the river/在城市 in a city3.在阳光下 in t
13、he sun/在北方 in the north/in China 在中国4.在第五中学 in No.5 Middle School5.在的前部 in the front of在前面 in front of6.在中间/(内部)角落 in the middle/corner of7.固定用法:住院 in hospital/在露天 in the open air/躺着看书 read in bed8.站成行 stand in line/处于危险中 in danger/处于麻烦中 in trouble/惊奇地 in surprise9.用英语 in English/穿红色的 in red/以方式 in
14、way of表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in,或表示在范围之内。-1-B典型例题:1.在的尽头 at the end of/在大门口 at the gate/在第二个十字路口 at the second crossing2.在公共汽车站 at the bus stop/在校读书 at school/在家 at home3.在医院诊所 at the doctors/在头部/脚下 at the head/foot of4.at the station/airport/zoo/post office5.at the front door/at the cinema/supermarke
15、t/meeting/party/the crossroad6.固定用法:stay at home/at work/at table 在吃饭表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点,出入口等,选at-C典型例题:1.在墙上 on the wall/在的另一边 on the other side of/在左边/右边 on the left/right2.在左/有手边 on the left/right hand side/在火车上 on the train3.在电视/收音机/电话/网上 on TV/the radio/the telephone/the Internet4.固定用法:访问 on a vis
16、it to /展览 on show5.在去的路上 on the way to 6.on my head/nose表示附着在表面上,覆盖等,表示接触的面上、边上、线上,用on。比较:a hole in the floor/wall There are many apples on the tree.There are many birds in the tree.-几组表示位置关系的介词比较 D典型例题:1.Japan is in the east of Asia.north 2.Japan is to the east of China.3.Korea is on the northeast
17、of China.westeasABCD巩固练习:south 1.B is in the east of A.2.D is to the east of A.3.C is on the east of A.-中学英语语法专项习题中学英语语法专项习题 6-6-介词介词1()1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A.on;on B.at;on C.in;in D.in;on1()2-There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon,is there -No.We can have a game of t
18、abletennis.A.on B.in C.out D.up()3 A lot of students in our school were born_March,1981.A.in B.at C.on D.since()4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A.on B.at C.in D.during()5 My grandfather was born_Oct.10,1935.A.on B.in C.at D.of()6 The train is starting_five minutes.A.in B.at C.for()7 Mike does
19、 his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A.on;to B.at;in C.by;of D.at;on2()1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A.for past the B.in the pass C.in the past D.for past()2 We returned to our hometown_.A.next week B.in the last week C.last weekD.for a week()3 Great changes
20、have taken place_.A.in the last few year B.in the last few years C.last year D.on the last year3()1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A.in B.onC.for D.at()2 _ a cold winter morning,I met her in the stfeet.A.In B.On C.At D.For()3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our
21、sports meet.A.at B.on C.with D.of()4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A.on B./C.at D.in4()1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3,1991 and came back_ a cold morning lastyear.A.in;on B.on;in C.on;on D.in;ia()2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12,1984.A.on B.in C.at D.to()3 Mrs Brown came to China
22、 _ 1996.B.of C.to,D.in()4 _ the morning of November 20,1915,the workers came to Chicago to show theirmourning_Joe Hill.A.On;to B.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for()5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September,1992.A./;in B.to;in C.to;onD,in;in()6 They started off_an autumn afternoon.A.during B.at C.in D.on5()1 He often goe
23、s _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A.for;to;in B.to;at in C.to;for;at D,for;at;to()2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9:30 _ March 5.A.at;in;at B.to;on;atC.in;on;at D.in;at;on()3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half pastten.A:in B.at C.on D.of()4 The children get up _ 6 oclock.A.at B.on C.during
24、 D.in6()1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A.for;with B.on;without C.about;having D.for;without()2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_last.1 A.for;by;at B.in;with;on C.on;by;in D.for;for;at the()3 A new factory will be set up:_ a year.lotae A.for B.in C.afterD.on()
25、4 Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A.after B.later;C.in D.late()5 We will finish the picture a day.A.in B.on C.after D.on()6 The workers had been_ strike_almost a month.A.on;in B.at;in C.on;for D.on;during()7 Mr Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally foundhim.A.o
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