最新2019小升初英语 知识梳理总复习 语法知识 闽教版.doc
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1、1语法知识语法知识英语动词 4 种时态:1、一般现在时:常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) , always(总是,一直) , never(从不),表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加 s(或 es,或变 y 为 i 再加 es) 。如:I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.2、现在进行时:表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用 am / is / are 加 动词ing 形式表示,
2、如: What are you doing? I am reading a book. What is he doing? He is singing.3、一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year 等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。用 am/ is/ are 加 going to 形式表示,如:What are you going to do tomorrow? Im going to ride a horse. 用 will 加动词原形表示,如:What will you do next Sunday? I will go shop
3、ping. 用 am/ is/ are 加动词 ing 形式表示,如:What are you doing tomorrow? Im going bowling.4、一般过去时:经常与表示过去的时间连用, 如: yesterday, last night 等, 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如:Who was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容词的比较级和最高级:1、单音节词:比较级加 er,
4、最高级加 est. 如:talltallerthe tallest,He is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、多音节词和部分双音节词:比较级加 more, 最高级加 the most. 如:interesting-more interesting-the most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music.Science is the most interesting subject.形容词变为
5、比较级的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加 er。如: talltaller shortshorter.(2)以字母 e 结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加 r,如:nice2nicer. latelater (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 er.如:bigbigger thinthinner fatfatter (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的双音节形容词,先变 y 为 i , 再加 er。如:easyeasier heavyheavier funnyfunnier.(2) 、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化:goodbetter wellbet
6、ter badworse badlyworse manymore muchmore littleless farfarther动词 ing 的变化规律:1)直接加 ing ,如: open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, 2) 去掉词尾不发音的 e ,如:take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, 3)
7、重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加 ing , 如: sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, 主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同): 1) 直接加s, 如:cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes, 2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catc
8、hes, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, 3) 辅音字母加 y 结尾,把 y 改为 i ,+es, 如:fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, 4) 以 f 或 fe 结尾,把 f 或 fe,改为 v+es.5) 特殊:have-has, 6)家庭、亲属和朋友:姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好:与你的关系 words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother,
9、 sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相关句型: 1) Is he/she Toms cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isnt.2) Whos he/she? Hes/Shes my friend.3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they?There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意: 1)名词单复数,如:family-families; 名词单数-复数规律: 3(1)1) 直接
10、加 s, 如: boy-boys, term-terms, 2)以 o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches, 3) 辅音字母加 y 结尾,把 y 改为 i ,+es, 如:baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches , 4)
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