电学基础Chap1培训讲学.ppt
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1、电学基学基础Chap1Chap11.1 Circuit TheoryCircuit theory is a special case of electromagnetic field theory:the study of static and moving electric charges.Three basic assumptions:uElectrical effects happen instantaneously through a system.uThe net charge on every component in the system is always zero.uTher
2、e is no magnetic coupling between the components in a system.can hold equal,opposite,separated chargeswithininstantaneouslycouplinglThe charge is bipolar,meaning that electrical effects are described in terms of positive and negative charges.lThe electric charge exists in discrete quantities,which a
3、re integral multiples of the electronic charge,1.602210-19C.lElectrical effects are attributed to the separation of charge and charges in motion.1.2 VOLTAGE ANDSome important characteristics of electric charge:REVIEW_negative nineteenth power of ten CURRENTcharacteristics bipolarThe separation of ch
4、arge creates an electric force(voltage)Voltage is the energy per unit charge created by the separation.Electric current is the rate of charge flow.v=the voltage in voltsw=the energy in joulesq=the charge in coulombsi=the current in amperesq=the charge in coulombs t=the time in secondsThe ratio of w
5、to q in differential formThe motion of charge creates an electric fluid(current).1.3 THE IDEAL BASIC CIRCUIT ELEMENT An ideal basic circuit element has three attributes:It has only two terminals,which are points of connection to other circuit components.It is described mathematically in terms of cur
6、rent and/or voltage.It cannot be subdivided into other elements.plus signminus sign1.3 THE IDEAL BASIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTii+v-v+Assign the reference direction for voltage and current.The reference direction is arbitrary.Once assigned,we must write all the subsequent equations to agree with the chosen r
7、eferences.POSITIVE VALUEvvoltage drop from terminal 1 to terminal 2Or voltage rise from terminal 2 to terminal lipositive charge flowing from terminal 1 to terminal 2negative charge flowing from terminal 2 to terminal 1NEGATIVE VALUEvvoltage rise from terminal 1 to terminal 2Or voltage drop from ter
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