跨文化交际(unit-5)知识分享.ppt
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1、跨文化交际(UNIT-5)Warm Up Please read the story on page 156.What may have been the factors contributing to the failure of the presentation?What can we learn from the story?It is often customary for Americans to start their talk with some jokes or humorous anecdotes,but Germans have different ideas and th
2、ey tend to consider telling jokes inappropriate in talks on serious matters.And in German culture,executives who occupy important positions are usually senior in age,and they had not expected the American manufacturer to send a young man as their representative to start business with them,a reputabl
3、e German distributor.They may have found it difficult to trust such a young person.Supplement:VerbalCommunication Verbal communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.In intercultural communication,we use words tocommunicate with
4、the outside world,share the past,exercise some control over the present,form images of the future.Supplement:VerbalCommunication VerbalCommunicationStyles(p179-183):Direct/Indirect Self-enhancement/Self-effacementElaborate/Exacting/SuccinctPersonal/ContextualInstrumental/Affective Supplement:VerbalC
5、ommunication 1.DirectandIndirectVerbalInteractionStylesIn the direct verbal style,statements clearly reveal the speakers intentions.Eg.U.S.Americans tend to use a straightforward form of request.In the indirect verbal style,on the other hand,verbal statements tend to hide the speakers actual intenti
6、ons.Eg.Chinese tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way.Supplement:VerbalCommunication 2.Self-EnhancementandSelf-Effacement VerbalStylesThe self-enhancement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about ones accomplishments and abilities.Eg.In the classified ads,Ameri
7、can ad might begin with,“A handsome,athletic male with a good sense of humor seeks a fun-loving partner”The self-effacement verbal style,on the other hand,emphasizes the importance of humbling oneself via verbal restraints,hesitations and modest talk.Eg.In the classified ads,Japanese ad might read,“
8、Although I am not very good-looking,Im willing to try my best.”Supplement:VerbalCommunication 2.Self-EnhancementandSelf-Effacement VerbalStylesCompare the following ways to serve tea:Japanese:This is not very delicious,but American:This is the best I can offer.Supplement:VerbalCommunication 3.Elabor
9、ate,ExactingandSuccinctStylesAn elaborate style emphasizesflashy and embellished language.This style of communication can be seen in many Arab,Middle Eastern,and Afro-American cultures.An exacting style,where persons say no more or less than is needed,is used by Americans.A succinct style is charact
10、erized by the use of concise statements,understatements,and even silence.A succinct style can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American culturesSupplement:VerbalCommunication 3.Elaborate,ExactingandSuccinctStylesCompare the followings:Arab:#%&$%$*&%#.American:Just the facts!Chinese:Silence is
11、 Golden.Supplement:VerbalCommunication 4.PersonalandContextualStyleThe personal communication style emphasizes the individual identity of the speaker.Eg.English has only one form for the second person,that is,you.The contextual style highlights ones role identity and status.Eg.Chinese,German and Fre
12、nch,for example,have informal and formal forms of the pronoun you(你/您;du/Sie;tu/vous).Supplement:VerbalCommunication 5.InstrumentalandAffectiveStyleAn instrumental verbal style is sender-based and goal-outcome based.The instrumental speaker uses communication to achieve some goal or outcome.The burd
13、en of understanding often rests with the speaker.An affective communication style is receiver and process oriented.The affective speaker is concerned not so much with the outcome of the communication,but with the process.The responsibility of understanding rests with both the speaker and the listene
14、r.Supplement:VerbalCommunication In verbal communication,LC interaction emphasizes direct talk,person-oriented focus,self-enhancement mode,and the importance of“talk”.HC interaction,in comparison,stresses indirect talk,status-oriented focus,self-effacement mode,and the importance of nonverbal signal
15、s and even silence.Reading I Read the article of“Understanding the Culture of Conversation”(p157-160).What are the different cultures of conversation among people from different countries?Conversation is a rich point(a rich point is something in one culture that makes it difficult to be connected wi
16、th another culture).It isnt any particular word or grammatical construction that produces the rich point;it is something about the way things are going,something about peoples ideas about how to do a conversation.To handle the rich points,old unconscious ways of doing things are dusted off,new ways
17、are built up.To converse in the new ways,you have to experience culture and manufacture some frames.If you dont figure out the frames,you might speak grammatically correct English,but what you communicate will differ from what you intended.Reading IConversation cultures of different countries:Mexica
18、n:The conversation may start with one topic,and if another interesting topic seeps in you ride it around for a while.Sticking to the first topic is less important than having an interesting conversation.American:The conversation usually has a topic,and the speaker wants to take a straight line throu
19、gh it from the beginning to end.The Americans expect an answer to the orienting question,that is to lance their conversation with self-promotion-heres who I am,heres why Im good at it,heres why you should pay attention to me.Reading IConversation cultures of different countries:Swedish:The Swedish c
20、onversational ideal is to respond in a concise manner without elaborating specific details,esp.those for self-promotion.Thus,what causes miscommunication is often the way ideas are put together into an argument,the way some ideas are selected for special emphasis,or the way emotional information abo
21、ut the ideas is presented.Finish Exercises on page 161.What are different conversation cultures between American English speakers and Athabaskans?Fill-in Task(161)Whats confusing to American English Speakers about Athabaskans?They do not speak and avoid situations of talking.They 7.keep silent.They
22、only want to talk to 6.close acquaintances.They play down their own abilities.They avoid direct questions.They never 9.start a conversation.They never say anything 1.about themselves.They are 8.slow to take a turn in talking_.They talk with a flat tone of voiceThey are 11.too indirect and inexplicit
23、.Fill-in Task(161)Whats confusing to Athabaskans about American English speakers?They talk 12.too much.They always talk first.They often talk to 10.strangers or people they dont know.They 5.brag about themselves.They 4.ask too many questions _.They always interrupt.They only talk 2.about what they a
24、re interested in.They dont give others a chance to talkThey are 3.always getting excited when they talk.They are not careful when they talk about things or people.Fill-in Task(161)Different conversation cultures between American English speakers and Athabaskans:Who speaks first(who opens the convers
25、ation);Who controls the talk;When its time for a new person to take a turn,such as the length of a pause;(who talks next)How long one should talk;How a conversation should close;(who closes the conversation)Thus,if American English speakers and Athabaskans tend to judge the others way of talk accord
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