高考作文应试技巧.doc
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1、高三复习 作文应试技巧 第一单元 写作基本要求一、四种文体1、记叙文环境(WHERE)、人物(WHO)、情节(WHAT)时间顺序往往是记叙手法的基本线索,用一些表示时间的词语(如:WHEN,WHILE,BEFORE,AFTER,THEN,DURING,SUDDENLY,AT LAST等等)把一系列事件和动作连接起来,构成一个完整的叙述。 “An Early Morning Walk”提纲:1、One morning I got up very early, and everything around was very quiet.2、When I arrived at the park, I
2、found, to my surprise, that there were so many people there3、Taking early morning walks makes a man healthy and wise.2、描写文空间顺序往往是描写手法的基本线索,用一些表示空间的词语(如HERE,THERE,OUTSIDE,ON THE TOP OF,IN THE MIDDLE,AROUND,ABOVE,UNDER,NEAR等等)把一系列地点和物体连接起来,构成一个完整的叙述。 As I came into my cousins bedroom, I got really sur
3、prised, for I had never seen such a mess and disorder in the room of a young man of 16 years old already. On the right wall, a row of hooks was covered with dirty sweet-shirts and filthy hats. Directly in front of me was a dusty desk, on which scattered lots of books, some of which were open as if w
4、aiting for my lazy brothers attention; others were piled up in disorder ready to slide down at any moment. Near the desk, there was a toppled poor chair on the floor with one leg damaged. Whats worse, the bed which was against the left wall was a more serious mess and the pairs of sports shoes and s
5、ocks under the bed gave out a terrible smell. What a room at sixes and sevens!3、说明文写作目的着重客观陈述、解释说明例如“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”, “My Ideal Job”等。4、议论文*着重于发表自己看法,依靠推理和论证来阐述自己的观点,力图说服读者,使人相信某种道理或某种假设;或要影响别人,使人追随自己所指示的方向。“Examination”1、There are many arguments about the advantages
6、 and disadvantages of examination.2、For both examiners and examinees, the examination can show what and how much the examinees have mastered.3、In sum, examination does more good that harm for both examiners and examinees.二、评价一篇文章好坏的标准一篇优秀作文的标准为:1 内容切题,有较好的谋篇构段框架,文章结构完整;紧扣主题,转承衔接自然;2 语法基本正确,句法基本准确,句子
7、与句子、段落之间过渡连贯;3 用词面广,遣词造句得当,句式、句型有变化,字数符合要求;4 层次分明,说理清楚,语言流畅,内容充实。一篇较差的作文表现为:1 文章不通顺,无段落,无结构,无明显主题;2 出现很多基本语法错误和拼写错误;3 词汇量很小,词不达意,缺乏英语表达能力;4 不像一篇文章,仅是把一些不连贯的词语凑到一起。文章解析(1) In the past five years, there have been changes in peoples diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less i
8、mportant role in peoples diet, while the proportion of some high-energy food, such as milk, meat has increased. What caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain. In the old days, people couldnt a
9、fford them. Now they have enough money to but meat and milk. Second, people of nowadays pay more attention to the structure of their diet. They are seeking the most reasonable diet structure which will do good to their health. In short, there have been changes in peoples diet in the past five years
10、and there will be changes in the future, too.(2) In the past five years peoples diet had changed quite a lot. The grain was no longer the main food of peoples diet. It decreased from 49% to 45%. And the possession of the fruit and vegetables was declined, either. But, however, the necessary of the m
11、ilk and meat was increased with no doubt. Such case owned to two reasons. On the one hand, the level of peoples lives had greatly advanced. More and more people could afford the expensive food. On the other hand, modern science had been developed with high speed. Then people began to be aware of cho
12、osing more useful food. With the developing of the society, peoples diet will change more greatly.(3) Diet is very important in peoples life. In past five, there is a big change in all kinds of food. For example, Grain. In 1986 it takes 40 percent in Diet in after four years. It discrease 4 per cent
13、 in diet; Milk increase 3 per cent in last five years. It grows to 13 per cent in Diet; Meat in 1986-1989, it kept to grow up. An in 1990, it down 2 per cent; Fruit and vegetables is discrease in last five years. Why it will have these changes. It is two side, the first is people began to see that M
14、ilk. Meat. Fruit and Vegetable are very importance in peoples bodies, the other is peoples life is quite good. They have enough money to buy Meat, Milk, Etc. They know how to build them bodies. In last five years. Big changes in peoples Diet. It call us more and more people know. Share them Diet and
15、 build them bodies.三、写作要领1、审题构思,在获取一个文章题目后,首先根据题目要求进行思维联想,分析题目表达的主要内容和主旨。2、谋篇构段,草拟提纲。通过分析题目的内容和主旨,将大脑中形成的信息、资料,分类整理,列出写作提纲、主题句,进行文章段落的筹划(三段作文法)3、组段成篇,初步成文。将以上的构思内容、提纲、相关主题句,通过句子扩展,初步整理形成一篇草稿文字。4、加工修改,润色定稿。对文章草稿修改润色,以加强文章的说明力及感染力。请看下面的例子:DIRECTIONS:ATitle: Develop Western RegionsBTime Limit: 50 minut
16、esCWord Limit: no less than 200 words (not including the given sentence)DYour composition should be based on the OUTLINE belowEYour composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEETOUTLINE:1The significance and importance of developing west regions2The cause of its underdevelopment and the pre
17、sent situations3The prospects of the West China成文:Develop Western Regions The large scale development of West China is of profound significance. First, it will open a broad development space for central and eastern regions. Besides, its critical to Chinas overall economic rise. Whats more, its the o
18、nly effective way to decrease the imbalance of economic development in the ease and west so as to revitalize our nation. There are various reasons why the landlocked west has lagged behind in its economic development. The chief reason, I think, is that the opening up policies enable the east to lure
19、 more foreign capital and make a fantastic spur in its development. As a result, it leaves the west far behind in its economic growth. In addition, the wests unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development. Therefore, the gaps between the west and the east have been widened sin
20、ce Chinas reform. In fact, many regions in the west will still remain comparatively underdeveloped. To illustrate, most of the 30 million poor populations, who still have subsistence problems, live there. Moreover, currently the per capital GDP in West China is only about 60% of national average. An
21、d the vast West China makes less contribution to the nations development. If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability. However, the western region development is a long-term systematic project. It calls for tremendous effort of
22、 several generations. To sum up, our chief goal is to build West China with economic prosperity, social progress, political stability and beautiful landscape. Finally, I believe the west will catch up with the east in its economic development in the near future.(269 Words)课后练习列出下列作文题目的提纲:1、Develop O
23、ur Creative Mind2、Science and Superstition3、Do Clothes Make a Man?4、My Favorite Form of Entertainment5、The Importance of Self-education第二单元 十句作文法一、十句作文法基本模式“十句作文法”是由有关专家总结出来的一种高分作文方法,同学在经过短期培训后就可将成绩较大幅度提高。因此在这里加以推荐和介绍,掌握好这种方法,对短时间内写出一篇高分作文十分有帮助。需要指出的是所谓十句作文法并非一定十句,从很多高分作文来分析,句子数量分布在10句至15句范围(依句子长短和结
24、构不同而不同)。如以每个句子平均10-15个单词来计算,便能用10-15个句子完成一篇要求200字左右的作文。其基本模式为:第一段(开头段)主旨句(句1)、扩展句(句2)第二段(中间段)主题句(句3)、扩展句(句4)、扩展句(句5)、扩展句(句6)、扩展句(句7)、扩展句(句8)、小结句(句9)第三段(结尾段)结尾句(句10)EXAMPLE 1Television Television presents a vivid world in front of us.(1)(主旨句) Through TV, we can learn what is happening half way across
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