2015中考英语语法精讲-形容词和副词课件.ppt
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1、第7讲 形容词和副词2015中考英语语法精讲一、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级1tall _ _2late _ _3angry _ _4big _ _5wet _ _ wetter wettest6serious _ _more serious7expensive _ _most seriousmore expensivemost expensivetallertallestlaterlatestangrierangriestbiggerbiggest基础练习基础练习harderhardestmore quicklymost quickly8hard _ _more carefullymost
2、carefully9quickly _ _10carefully _ _11good/well _ _12bad/ill _ _13little _ _14many/much _ _ more most15old _ _older/elderoldest/eldestbetterbestworseworstlessleast二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1John is _(clever)than Sam.cleverer2Who sings _(well),Rose or Alice?better3The man took off his shoes and put them under hi
3、s bed very_(quiet)quietlyhappyfarther4Ann felt very _(happy)at her birthday party.5Which is _(far)from us,the sun or the moon?6She looks _(thin)than me.thinner7 It snowed _(heavy)last night and now the streets arecovered with snow.heavily8 Mr.Benson seems to be the _(busy)man in theoffice.busiestmos
4、t carefully9Meimei writes _(carefully)of the three girls.10 We dont think their classroom is as _(clean)asours.cleanthe youngest11Li Lei is _(young)boy in his class.12 I think English is _(interesting)thanany other subject.more interestingthe most13 David has _(many)story books of all thestudents.mo
5、re slowlybest14Lucy runs _(slow)than Lily.15 Which do you like _ (good),cats,dogs,orchickens?形容词的用法形容词在句中可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等成分。如:She is a good student.她是一个好学生。(作定语)Computers are very useful in our everyday life.电脑在我们的日常生活中很有用。(作表语)He makes them angry.他让他们很生气。(作宾语补足语)直击考点直击考点考点考点1形容词在句中的位置1大部分形容词通常放在所修饰的
6、名词之前作定语。如:This is an unhealthy diet.这是一种不健康的饮食。2部分形容词跟在连系动词(含 be 动词)之后作表语。如:It seems good,but its bad.它似乎是好的,其实不好。That sounds good.那听上去不错。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天叶子变黄了。考点考点2注意:有些形容词只能作定语,而不能作表语,如:little小的,only 唯一的,elder 年长的,real 真实的。3形容词可放在部分动词之后,作宾语补足语。常见的可跟宾语补足语的动词有:keep,make,find,feel,thin
7、k 等。如:You should keep your classroom clean and tidy.你们应该保持教室干净整洁。Sunny days make me happy.晴朗的日子让我愉快。I think it fun to learn English.我觉得学英语有趣。4表示长、宽、高、深及年龄等的形容词放在其相应的名词之后。如:The bridge is 200 meters long.这座桥长 200 米。5形容词修饰不定代词时,要放在不定代词之后。如:I have something important to do.我有些重要的事要做。条件结构例句说明人或事物自身的性 质、特
8、征或状态时用形 容词原级。The flowers in the garden are beautiful.花园的花儿真漂亮。有表示程度的副词 too,very,so,quite,enough 等 The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。形容词原级的用法考点考点3条件结构例句表示 A 与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句中的结构:A.as形容词原级asB。English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。否定句中的结构:A.notas/so形容词原级asB。Im not so careful asLucy.我不如露茜仔
9、细。表示 A 是 B 的几倍:A.倍数as形容词原级asB。(1 倍 once,2 倍 twice,3 倍以上:数字times)Our school is threetimes as big as theirs.我们的学校是他们的三倍大。表示“是的一半”:A.half as形容词原级asBHer room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你的房间的一半大。副词种类例词时间和频度副词yesterday,now,tonight,soon,ever,once,always,usually,often,sometimes 等地点副词here,there,home,out,in
10、side,behind,downstairs,near,everywhere 等程度副词well,very,quite,rather,so,such,much,alot,a little,too,enough,much too 等方式副词badly,easily,happily,luckily,carefully,quickly,slowly 等疑问副词when,where,why,how,how often 等副词的分类副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,表示时间、地点、方式和程度等概念。按其词汇意义一般分为以下五类:考点考点4副词的构成1大部分形容词加后缀-ly 构成副词。如:qui
11、etquietlyquickquicklybadbadly usualusuallycarefulcarefully strongstronglysimplesimply terribleterriblytruetruly fullfullybusybusily easyeasilyhappyhappily heavyheavily考点考点5注意:有些以-ly 结尾的词并不是副词,实际上只能作形容词。如:friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的),lonely(孤独的),likely(很可能的),lively(活泼的),ugly(丑陋的),等等。2有些形容词与副词同形。如:early
12、adj.早的adv.早daily adj.每日的,日常的adv.每天fast adj.快的;迅速的;紧密的 adv.快地;迅速地;紧密地hard adj.硬的;困难的;艰难的adv.努力地;使劲地;猛烈地注意:有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词,但加了-ly 之后意义相差很大。如:adv.努力地;使劲hard adj.硬的;困难的;艰难的地;猛烈地hardly adv.几乎不adv.迟地,晚地late adj.迟的,晚的lately adv.近来副词在句中的位置1副词常放在行为动词或形容词后面,但表示程度或频率的副词一般放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。如:The boy s
13、peaks English well.这个男孩英语说得很好。Tom is often late for school.汤姆上学经常迟到。2副词 very 可以修饰形容词,但不能直接放在动词前面来修饰动词。如:()Mr.Smith very works hard.()Mr.Smith works very hard.史密斯先生工作非常努力。考点考点63作副词时,enough 要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面;作形容词时,enough 则放在名词前后均可。如:I ran fast enough so that I could take a No.2 bus.我跑得足够快以便能乘到 2 路公交车。T
14、here isnt enough meat for us to eat.没有足够的肉给我们吃。注意:副词前一般不加介词。构成规则例词一般情况,在单音节词或少数双音节词的词尾直接加-er,-esttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatestsoonsoonersoonestfastfasterfastest clevercleverercleverest以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词,只加-r,-st largelargerlargest nicenicernicest latelaterlatest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1规则变化考点考点7以重读闭音节
15、结尾,并且以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的单词,先双写最后这个辅音字母,再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestwetwetterwettest thinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词,把 y 改为 i,再加-er,-est happyhappierhappiest heavyheavierheaviesteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest续表大部分双音节词和多音节词,在原级前面加more,most 来构成比较级和最高级friendlymore fri
16、endlymostfriendlyrelaxedmore relaxedmostrelaxedimportantmore importantmostimportantcarefullymore carefullymostcarefully以形容词加-ly 构成的副词,在原形前加 more,most 构成比较级和最高级quicklymore quicklymostquickly easilymore easilymost easilyclearlymore clearlymostclearly续表原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestill,bad,badlyworseworst
17、many,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(距离上的更远)farthest(距离上的最远)further(程度上的更深远)furthest(程度上的最深 远)oldolder(年龄)oldest(年龄)elder(长幼顺序)eldest(长幼顺序)2.不规则变化形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1比较级的用法(1)“A 动词(倍数)比较级thanB”表示“A 比B”或“A 比 B几倍”。如:This bag is three times bigger than that one.这个袋子比那个大三倍。I got up earlier than my m
18、other today.我今天比我妈妈早起床。考点考点8(2)“特殊疑问词动词比较级,A or B?”表示“A 和B,哪个更”。如:Which is more interesting,cycling or running?骑自行车和跑步,哪个更有趣?Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?(3)“比较级thanany other单数名词(介词短语)”,表示“比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”,可表示最高级的含义。如:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.长江比中国其他任
19、何一条河流都长。The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。The pen writes more easily than any other pen.这支钢笔比其他的都好写。The pen writes the most easily.这支钢笔最好写。(4)“比较级and比较级”,表示“越来越”。如:He is getting taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。He walks more and more quickly.他越走越快。(5)“the 比 较 级,the 比 较 级”,表 示“越 越”
20、。如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。The more you learn,the more youll know.学得越多,你知道得就越多。(6)“否定词比较级”,意为“最不过”。如:I cant agree more.我非常同意。She has never had a better dinner.这是她吃过的最好的一顿饭。2最高级的用法(三者或三者以上的比较)(1)“the 最高级in/of 短语”,表示“是中最的”。如:Tom is the tallest in his class.汤
21、姆是他们班上最高的。I jump farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“特殊疑问词动词the最高级,A,B,or C?”用于三者以上的比较。如:Which country is the largest,China,America or Ca-nada?中国、美国、加拿大,哪个国家最大?Which season do you like best,spring,summer or autumn?春季、夏季和秋季,你最喜欢哪个季节?(3)“be one of the形容词最高级复数可数名词(in/of短语)”,表示“是中最之一”。如:English is one o
22、f the most important subjects in our school.在我们学校,英语是最重要的科目之一。注意:(1)有些程度副词,如:quite,rather,very,so,too,enough,fairly 等,与形容词或副词连用时具有“比较”的含义,这时句中的形容词或副词不能再使用比较级。(2)much,a little,still,even,a bit,a lot,far 可修饰形容词或副词的比较级。(3)若形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词 the。(4)副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。1interesting 与 intere
23、sted(1)interesting 表示事物本身是“有趣的,令人感兴趣的”。作表语时,多用于“sth.be interesting”句型,主语通常是物;作定语时,既可修饰人,也可修饰物。(2)interested 常表示某人对某物“感兴趣”,多用于“beinterested in doing sth.”句型;主语通常是人。常见类似的-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词还有:词语辨析词语辨析surprising 令人惊讶的exciting 令人兴奋的pleasing 令人愉快的frightening 令人恐惧的moving 令人感动的surprised 感到惊讶的excited 感到兴奋的plea
24、sed 感到愉快、满意的frightened 感到恐惧的moved 受感动的即景活用interestinginterested(1)I have an _ book.(2)He is _ in the book.2ill 与 sick两个词都可以表示“病的,生病的”的意思,都可以作表语,但作定语时只能用 sick 而不能用 ill(ill 作定语时意为“坏的”,而不是“病的”)。即景活用sickill(1)The _man is his father.(2)She has been _ for three weeks.3alone 与 lonely(1)alone 强调独自一人,常用作表语,作
25、定语时置于名词后。另外,alone 也可以用作副词,意思是“单独地,孤单地”,而lonely 一般不作副词用。(2)lonely 作表语时,表示“寂寞,孤独”,含有强烈的感情色彩;作定语时含有“荒凉的”之意。即景活用alonelonelylonely(1)He lives_,but he doesnt feel_.(2)The man lived in a _island.4already,yet,still(1)already 表示某事已经发生,主要用于肯定句句中,常与完成时连用。(2)yet 表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句句末,常与完成时连用。(3)still 表示某事还在进行,
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