新标准大学英语三unit.ppt
《新标准大学英语三unit.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新标准大学英语三unit.ppt(86页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、Text I,I,we,we,theytheyI,we,they1 A medium-sized Swedish high-technology corporation was approached by a compatriot,a businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia.The company sent one of their engineers let me call him Johannesson to Riyadh,where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineering firm
2、,run by two brothers in their mid-thirties,both with British university degrees.Johannesson was to assist in a development project on behalf of the Saudi government.However,after six visits over a period of two years,nothing seemed to happen.Text Johannessons meetings with the Saudi brothers were al
3、ways held in the presence of the Swedish businessman who had established the first contact.This annoyed Johannesson and his superiors,because they were not at all sure that this businessman did not have contacts with their competitors as well but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there.Discus
4、sions often dwelt on issues having little to do with the business like Shakespeare,of whom both brothers were fans.Text 2 Just when Johannessons superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporations investment in these expensive trips,a telex arrived from Riyadh inviting him back for an urgent v
5、isit.A contract worth several millions of dollars was ready to be signed.From one day to the next,the Saudis attitude changed:The presence of the businessman-intermediary was no longer necessary,and for the first time Johannesson saw the Saudis smile,and even make jokes.Text 3 So far,so good;but the
6、 story goes on.The remarkable order contributed to Johannesson being promoted to a management position in a different division.Thus,he was no longer in charge of the Saudi account.A successor was nominated,another engineer with considerable international experience,whom Johannesson personally introd
7、uced to the Saudi brothers.A few weeks later a telex arrived from Riyadh in which the Saudis threatened to cancel the contract over a detail in the delivery conditions.Text Johannessons help was asked.When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily be res
8、olved but only,the Saudis felt,with Johannesson as the corporations representative.So the corporation twisted its structure to allow Johannesson to handle the Saudi account although his main responsibilities were now in a completely different field.Text 4 The Swedes and the Saudis in this true story
9、 have different conceptsof the role of personal relationships in business.For the Swedes,business is done with a company;for the Saudis,with a person whom one has learned to know and trust.As long as one does not know another person well enough it is convenient to have present an intermediary or go-
10、between,someone who knows and is trusted by both parties.At the root of the difference between these cultures is a fundamental issue in human societies:the role of the individual versus the role of the group.Text 5 The vast majority of people in our world live in societies in which the interest of t
11、he group prevails over the interest of the individual.I will call these societies collectivist,using a word which to some readers may have political connotations,but it is not meant here in any political sense.Text Text It does not refer to the power of the state over the individual but to the power
12、 of the group.The first group in our lives is always the family into which we are born.Family structures,however,differ between societies.In most collectivist societies the family within which the child grows up consists of a number of people living closely together;not just the parents and other ch
13、ildren,but,for example,grandparents,uncles,aunts,servants,or other housemates.This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family.When children grow up they learn to think of themselves as part of a we group,a relationship which is not voluntary but given by nature.The we group is distinct
14、 from other people in society who belong to they groups,of which there are many.The we group(or in-group)is the major source of ones identity,and the only secure protection one has against the hardships of life.Therefore one owes lifelong loyalty to ones in-group,and breaking this loyalty is one of
15、the worst things a person can do.Between the person and the in-group a dependence relationship develops which is both practical and psychological.Text Text 6 A minority of people in our world live in societies in which the interests of the individual prevail over the interests of the group,societies
16、 which I will call individualist.In these,most children are born into families consisting of two parents and,possibly,other children;in some societies there is an increasing share of one-parent families.Other relatives live elsewhere and are rarely seen.This type is the nuclear family(from the Latin
17、“nucleus”meaning core).Text Children from such families,as they grow up,soon learn to think of themselves as I.This I,their personal identity,is distinct from other peoples Is,and these others are not classified according to their group membership but to individual characteristics.Playmates,for exam
18、ple,are chosen on the basis of personal preferences.The purpose of education is to enable the child to stand on its own feet.Text The child is expected to leave the parental home as soon as this has been achieved.Not infrequently,children,after having left home,reduce relationships with their parent
19、s to a minimum or break them off altogether.Neither practically nor psychologically is the healthy person in this type of society supposed to be dependent on a group.我、我我、我们、他、他们1 有一位瑞典商人和本国的一家中等规模的高科技公司进行了接洽,这位商人在沙特阿拉伯有许多关系良好的客户。于是,该公司派了一名工程师就叫他约翰尼森吧去利雅得,经这位商人引见,和一家小型的沙特工程公司合作,这家公司由一对兄弟经营着,他俩三十五岁左右
20、,都拥有英国大学的学位。约翰尼森要做的是代表沙特政府协助一项建设工程。约翰尼森要做的是在为沙特政府的一项建设工程中给予协助。但是,双方在两年间进行了六次接触均无结果。Text 每次约翰尼森和沙特兄弟商谈时,那位最初帮他们建立关系的瑞典商人都在场。这令约翰尼森和他的上司感到非常不快,因为他们不敢肯定这位商人是否跟他们的竞争对手也有来往,但沙特人却执意要介绍人在场。他们经常讨论一些与生意毫无关系的话题,比如莎士比亚,哥俩都是莎士比亚迷。Text 2 正当约翰尼森的上司开始怀疑公司花大笔旅费派人去洽谈是否明智时,利雅得那边来了电报,邀请约翰尼森迅速赶赴利雅得,因为一份价值几百万美元的合同已准备好,等
21、着他来签。一夜之间,沙特人的态度也发生了变化:那位中间商再也不用出场了,约翰尼森还第一次看见沙特人笑了,他们甚至还相互开起了玩笑。Text 3 到现在为止,一切都进行得不错;但故事还没有结束。由于得到了这份大订单,约翰尼森被提拔为另一个部门的经理,他也因此不用再管沙特那单生意了。另一位国际交流经验丰富的工程师被提名接替他的工作,约翰尼森还亲自把他介绍给了那两位沙特兄弟。几星期后,从利雅得发来一份电报,两位沙特兄弟威胁说要取消合同,仅仅是因为一个有关交货条件的细节问题。Text 他们请约翰尼森去协助解决。约翰尼森到利雅得后才发现,双方的矛盾源于一个很容易解决的无关紧要的小问题,但沙特人觉得一定要
22、约翰尼森代表公司出面才能解决。因此,瑞典公司不得不打破惯例,允许约翰尼森处理沙特那边的生意,虽然他现在的职责是管理另外一个完全不同的领域。Text 4 在这个真实的故事里,瑞典人和沙特人对人际关系在商业中的作用有着不同的理解。对瑞典人来说,他们是在和一个公司做生意;但对沙特人来说,他们是在和一个他们了解并且信任的人做生意。只要他们对某个人还不够了解,就会让一位双方都认识并信任的中间人或介绍人在场,这样做会比较方便。这两种文化的差异源于人类社会的一个根本问题:即个人角色与集体角色的问题。Text 5 世界上大多数人都生活在团体利益大于个人利益的社会里,我把这类社会称作集体主义社会,集体主义这个词
23、在某些读者看来具有政治意义,但我在使用这个词时不带任何政治色彩。Text 它并不是指国家权力对个人的压制,而是特指团体的力量。我们生命中的第一个团体向来都是我们出生的那个家庭。但不同社会有着不同的家庭结构。在大多数集体主义社会里,小孩子成长的“家庭”有许多人生活在一起;有父母,有别的孩子,还有比如爷爷、奶奶、叔伯、姑姑、佣人及其他的家庭成员。这种家庭在文化人类学上被称为扩展型家庭。Text 小孩在成长的过程中就学着把自己看作是“我们”团体中的一员,这种关系并不是出于个人的选择,而是与生俱来的。“我们”团体不同于社会上众多隶属“他们”团体里的他者。“我们”团体(或内部团体)是个人认同感的主要来源
24、,是个人应对生活艰辛所能依赖的唯一的安全保障。所以每个人一生都忠于自己的内部团体,而背叛这个团体是个人所能犯下的最严重的错误。个人和内部团体之间会逐渐建立起一种相互依存的关系,这种关系既有实用价值,又能给人心理上的依靠。Text 6 世界上还有少数人生活在个人利益大于团体利益的社会里,我把这类社会称为个人主义社会。在这类社会中,多数小孩出生在由父母和孩子组成的家庭里,当然,可能还会有别的孩子;在某些社会中,单亲家庭的数量呈逐渐上升的趋势。其他的亲戚住在别处,彼此很少见面。这类家庭被称为核心家庭(源于拉丁词nucleus,意为“核心”)。Text 核心家庭里的孩子在成长过程中,很快就学会把自己看
25、成是“我”。这个“我”即他们的个人身份区别于其他人的“我”,而且这所谓的其他人并不是以不同团体的成员身份来区别的,而是以个人特点来分类的。例如玩伴是根据个人的喜好来选择的。教育的目标是使孩子最终能自立。Text 孩子一旦有了自立的能力,父母就会鼓励他们离开家。孩子离开父母家后,与父母的往来频率通常会降至最低点,或者完全断绝往来。在这类社会里,一个健全的人无论在实际生活中还是在心理上都不会依赖一个团体。Text Words&Phrasescompatriotcompetitorintermediarydwellinvestmenttelexcontractcollectivistprevailv
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新标准 大学 英语 unit
限制150内