中国开放型经济学_构建阐释中国开放成就的经济理论_英文_裴长洪.pdf
《中国开放型经济学_构建阐释中国开放成就的经济理论_英文_裴长洪.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中国开放型经济学_构建阐释中国开放成就的经济理论_英文_裴长洪.pdf(24页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、 Social Sciences in China PressSocial Sciences in China, 2021Vol. 42, No. 1, 53-76, http:/dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2021.1895500The Economics of Chinas Opening Up: Developing an Economic Theory That Explains Chinas Achievement Pei Changhonga and Liu Binba University of Chinese Academy of Social Sc
2、iencesb University of International Business and Economics构建中国开放型经济学理论,应突破西方主流国际经济学的局限性。一是揭示围绕“三对关系、六条线索”展开的中国渐进式贸易自由化进程的规律。二是总结互联网、数字技术和人工智能等新业态重塑中小企业微观主体地位,培育和形成国际竞争新优势的经验。三是分析共建“一带一路”建立的合作共赢、海陆贯通的新型国际生产分工模式及其蕴含的贸易盈余与资本输出紧密联系的新型国际经济多元平衡观。四是在习近平重要论述指导下,将人类命运共同体全球经济治理中国方案的理念学理化。关键词:中国特色社会主义开放型经济学全球治
3、理人类命运共同体Research on the construction of a theory for Chinas open economy should break through the limitations of mainstream Western international economics. Firstly, we need to reveal the laws revolving around “three relationships and six threads” that governed Chinas incremental process of trade li
4、beralization. Secondly, we need to summarize Chinas experience of the way new technologies, including the Internet, digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) have fostered and reshaped the position of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as micro-actors, providing us with new advant
5、ages in international competition. Thirdly, we need to analyze the new win-win mode of the international division of labor over land and sea established under the guidelines of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as well as a new concept of pluralist balance in the international economy marked by a
6、close connection between trade surplus and foreign investment. Fourthly, under the guidance of Xi Jinpings important discourses, we should offer a rationale for the Chinese scheme of global economy governance within the community of shared future for mankind.Keywords: socialism with Chinese characte
7、ristics, open economics, global governance, a community of shared future for mankindThe great achievements of Chinas construction of an open economy are the result of the 54Social Sciences in Chinahard work of the Chinese people under the guidance of the theory of socialism with Chinese characterist
8、ics established by the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is not the product of the application of mainstream Western international economics to China, nor can it be explained by any Western theory. Chinese scholars of economics are responsible, on the basis of the great practice of Chinas open econ
9、omic construction, for deepening, summarizing, enriching and perfecting the theory of open economics with Chinese characteristics proposed by the CPC, and for develop open economics with Chinese characteristics, a Chinese style and a Chinese manner.I. Major Defects in Mainstream Western Internationa
10、l Economics Theories1. Mainstream Western international microeconomics theoriesWhy does trade occur? This thread runs through international economics. The theory of comparative advantage put forward by David Ricardo suggests that each country should specialize in the production and export of product
11、s in which it has a comparative advantage, and should import those in which it has a comparative disadvantage. The theoretical foundation of a comparative advantage is opportunity cost. Other scholars, however, argue that opportunity cost is not the only reason for international trade, holding that
12、it is also affected by capital, land and other factor endowments. Heckscher and Ohlin hence proposed the theory of factor-endowment (also known as H-O theory). It is undeniable that while comparative advantages and factor endowments can reasonably explain North-South trade, they cannot interpret the
13、 North-North trade. According to H-O theory, the United States should import labor-intensive goods and export capital-intensive ones, but the reality is precisely the opposite; this gave rise to the well-known “Leontief Paradox.”1 Since 1980s, intra-industry trade has become the main form of interna
14、tional division of labor. According to economists represented by Paul Krugman, the basis of international trade has changed fundamentally; that is, differences in factor endowments are not the principal reason for international trade. Outdated traditional trade theories ignore technological changes
15、in production, and the two key assumptions of classical international trade theory, i.e., perfect competition and constant returns to scale, do not actually exist. In imperfect markets, economies of scale based on standardized modular technologies are the main driving force behind international trad
16、e, facilitating the generation of the new trade theories that open up a new path for explaining the motivations of international trade. The basic assumption of these new theories is the homogeneity of enterprises in the same industry. But with the further development of international trade, this ass
17、umption has been proved to fly in the face of reality. One of its important underlying conclusions is that homogeneity means that as long as one enterprise is engaged in exporting, all enterprises in the same industry should do the same, which is obviously not the case. Accordingly, M. J. Melitz has
18、 proposed a trade theory about 1See Dominick Salvatore, International Economics, 11th ed.Pei Changhong and Liu Bin55heterogeneous firms to explain their internationalizing behavior. According to his new theory, the firm heterogeneity is primarily demonstrated in the differences in their productivity
19、; only those firms with high levels of productivity can cross the export threshold and enter the international market. A “new-new” trade theory thus came into being.2 It can easily be seen from the above review that the continuous innovations and developments in international trade theory always occ
20、ur after overcoming the defects of the existing international trade theory.According to the classical international economic theory mentioned above, developing countries should export primary products and labor-intensive products; this international division of labor will continue to be reinforced a
21、nd can easily be “locked into the low end.” Consequently, developing countries like China will fall into the “comparative advantage trap.”3 Even the widely accepted current theory of weak comparative advantage4 holds that it is hard for developing countries to change the established pattern of divis
22、ion of labor in the short term. The situation, however, has not evolved in line with the expectations of classical Western theory. Instead of falling into the “comparative advantage trap,” China has a capital accumulation rate that is accelerating, leading to the formation of a comparative advantage
23、 in the Chinese capital industry that occurred even faster than that of the United States.5 The “new-new” trade theory offers a reasonable explanation of the decision-making behavior of developed country enterprises prior to the 21st century, a thesis that has been proven in a great deal of foreign
24、empirical literature. But since the introduction of this theory, which is the latest achievement of mainstream Western international economics, sixteen years have gone by, and the international trade model has changed significantly. Firm productivity cannot explain every countrys trade or the develo
25、pment of cross-border e-commerce since the start of the 21st century. The “paradox of Chinese enterprises export productivity” put forward by a number of Chinese scholars in recent years is actually a challenge to the “new-new” trade theory. In China, more than 60 percent of the foreign trade volume
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 中国 开放型 经济学 构建 阐释 开放 成就 经济理论 英文 裴长洪
限制150内