Unit Three 写作.ppt
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1、 Unit Three The Better WordUnit Objectives At the end of this unit you will be able to 1.know how to choose better words,i.e.,words that concise,precise,and effective;2.know how to use modifiers correctly;and 3.write simple notice Introduction A correct word is not necessarily a good one.To choose a
2、 better word for expression is an incessant pursuit for many writers and English language learners as well,though it is rather challenging to the latter.By a better word,we mean a word that is concise,precise and effective.Conciseness is one of the characteristics of written language and students sh
3、ould form the habit of expressing their ideas clearly and in a simple way.Precision refers to the concreteness of expression and is another feature of good writing.As for effectiveness,it is based on the two preceding characteristics and is the highest aim of language use.Modifiers are a crucial sen
4、tence component and there are some pitfalls associated with the use of modifiers that should be guarded against.This unit focuses on the correct use of modifiers,mainly adjectives and adverbs.Part I Warm up Activities It was a splendid population-for all the slow,sleepy,sluggish-brained sloths staye
5、d at home.(Pay attention to the figure of speech of Alliteration:原文作者一连用了5个头韵词与前面的splendid形成呼应,词义色彩则恰好相反,造成了强烈的诙谐和幽默效果。)The good ones:1.这是一批卓越能干的人民-因为所有那些行动迟缓、瞌睡稀稀、呆如树懒的人都留在家乡了。2.这是一群卓越能干的人民-因为所有那些行动迟缓、头脑愚钝、睡眼惺忪、呆如树懒的人都呆在了家乡了。3.那是一批卓越的人-因为那些慢慢吞吞、昏昏沉沉、反应迟钝、形如树懒的人都留在了家乡。The better or best one:1.(出来的)这
6、帮人个个出类拔萃-因为凡是呆板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。Part II Focus Conciseness(Be aware that Conciseness is the basis of writing in English and learn to avoid unnecessary words or phrases.)Suggested answers:a.Redundancy(冗余)may result when modifiers are used that does not add to the meaning of the sentence.Poor:We reall
7、y need to listen to what he would say.We really need to listen to what he would say.Better:We need to listen to what he would say.We need to listen to what he would say.More examples:Poor:I was simply too tired to clean the house after I was simply too tired to clean the house after working for a wh
8、ole day.working for a whole day.Better:I was too tired to clean the houseI was too tired to clean the house after working after working for a whole day.for a whole day.b.Redundancy may occur from redundant phrasing(i.e.,spelling out the meaning of a word or phrase that can and should stand alone.)Po
9、or:The criticisms I will make are major ones The criticisms I will make are major ones which ought to be given careful consideration which ought to be given careful consideration because of their importance.because of their importance.Better:The criticisms I will make are major ones.The criticisms I
10、 will make are major ones.More examples:More examples:Poor:Poor:Over the years,she became suspicious Over the years,she became suspicious that she was being exploited by people.that she was being exploited by people.Better:Better:Over the years,she became suspicious Over the years,she became suspici
11、ous that she was being exploited.c.Redundancy may result if the writer fails to use pronoun in reference to previous noun phrases.Poor:The volunteers in the fire department deserve a lot of credit.The volunteer firemen answer alarms any time in all kinds of weather.Better:The volunteer firemen deser
12、ve a lot of credit because they answer alarms any time in all kinds of weather.More examples:Poor:In large cities school teachers are usually paid higher wages than the teachers of a school in a small town.Better:In large cities school teachers are usually paid higher wages than those in a small tow
13、n.d.Redundancy may occur when words or phrases are awkwardly inserted rather than implied.Poor:One of the most difficult decisions I have ever made in my life was whether I should go to university after finishing high school should go to university after finishing high school or not to go to college
14、 after high school.or not to go to college after high school.Better:One of the most difficult decisions I have Better:One of the most difficult decisions I have made was whether or not to go to college after made was whether or not to go to college after high school.high school.More examples:More ex
15、amples:Poor:Poor:FudanFudan University is a very good university University is a very good university because of many distinguished professors because of many distinguished professors teaching there.teaching there.Better:Better:FudanFudan University is a good university University is a good universi
16、ty because of its distinguished faculty.because of its distinguished faculty.e.Redundancy may result when related ideas are stated in more than one sentence.To solve this problem,it is often advisable to combine these sentences into one.Poor:People who both work full time and go to school have a lot
17、 of problems.These people dont have time for recreation.Often they live under more pressure.Better:People who work full time and go to school usually live under more pressure because they dont have much time for recreation.More examples:Poor:In a small town there are very few businesses.And the busi
18、nesses that are there are usually operated on a small scale.Better:In a small town there are very few businesses,which are usually operated on a small scale.Poor:I got up at six.Then I had breakfast.Around seven I left for school.Better:Getting up at six,I had breakfast and left for school around se
19、ven.Reference for classroom activities:Reference for classroom activities:1.All these phrases are redundant in the written 1.All these phrases are redundant in the written context.context.2.a.2.a.XianmingXianming High School has a faculty that do High School has a faculty that do their jobs well.the
20、ir jobs well.b.One of the requirements is a term paper of b.One of the requirements is a term paper of three thousand words on a subject of your choice.three thousand words on a subject of your choice.c.College is difficult to adjust to because you are c.College is difficult to adjust to because you
21、 are left on your own to solve many problems.left on your own to solve many problems.d.A career in the Army has both advantages and d.A career in the Army has both advantages and disadvantages.So does the return to the civilian disadvantages.So does the return to the civilian life from the military.
22、life from the military.e.Teenage pregnancy has a lot of controversy.Preciseness To be precise is another requirement for good writing.Two points:to use concrete details,and to look for specific words.For the former,to form a habit of thinking concretely even at the initial stage of writing.For the l
23、ater,to learn how to use them alongside the expansion of their vocabulary.Reference for classroom activities:Reference for classroom activities:1.Words Words like awful,bad,fine,funny,great,lovely,like awful,bad,fine,funny,great,lovely,nice,pretty,thing,nice,pretty,thing,andand wonderful wonderful,a
24、re classified,are classified as weak because they are too general and as weak because they are too general and hardly add anything to the meaning.hardly add anything to the meaning.a.Kate said she had a Kate said she had a boringboring time at the time at the homecoming party.homecoming party.b.I th
25、ink I think MrMr Brown is an Brown is an unconvincing unconvincing speaker.speaker.c.The husband gave the wife a The husband gave the wife a diamonddiamond necklace necklace for her birthday.for her birthday.d.There are certain There are certain traits traits I look for in judging a I look for in ju
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