高考英语完形填空应试与技巧.ppt
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1、完形填空完形填空 解题技巧解题技巧 借助合理联想解题借助合理联想解题借助合理联想解题借助合理联想解题利用首句解题利用首句解题利用首句解题利用首句解题调动语法规则解题调动语法规则解题调动语法规则解题调动语法规则解题通过词义辨析解题通过词义辨析解题通过词义辨析解题通过词义辨析解题凭借背景知识解题凭借背景知识解题凭借背景知识解题凭借背景知识解题Topics:Topics:依据上下文语境解题依据上下文语境解题 运用逻辑分析判断解题运用逻辑分析判断解题2021/8/11 星期三1跳过空格,通读全文,跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意把握大意再读全文,反复检查再读全文,反复检查结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案结合选
2、项,综合考虑,初定答案瞻前顾后,先易后难,瞻前顾后,先易后难,个个击破个个击破 完形填空的解题总则完形填空的解题总则把握整体把握整体具体分析具体分析2021/8/11 星期三2 上下文上下文是营造语境的基础,也是逻辑推是营造语境的基础,也是逻辑推理的依据。理的依据。通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系,通过分析句与句之间的逻辑关系,根据上下文中对比,根据上下文中对比,因果,转折等线索,前因果,转折等线索,前后顺序,上文对下文的提示以及下文对上文后顺序,上文对下文的提示以及下文对上文的解释等关系,的解释等关系,找出找出信息词信息词,猜出文中的生猜出文中的生词并继而判断出需要填入的单词,是做好完词并继而判
3、断出需要填入的单词,是做好完形填空题的关键。形填空题的关键。CONTEXT2021/8/11 星期三3 近年来,完形填空题在设计上朝着近年来,完形填空题在设计上朝着深层深层化及语境化化及语境化的方面挖掘,侧重对篇章结的方面挖掘,侧重对篇章结构的理解和逻辑推理判断能力的考查。设构的理解和逻辑推理判断能力的考查。设空时以实词为主,而且几乎不暴露明显的空时以实词为主,而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误,词语在特定的语境中所表达的语言错误,词语在特定的语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法光凭表面理解获知。就隐含信息大都无法光凭表面理解获知。就选择题而言,则加强了干扰项的迷惑性,选择题而言,则加强了干扰项的迷惑性,
4、从而提高了试题的难度值。因此,只有借从而提高了试题的难度值。因此,只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定助上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定,,才,才能够准确做出判断。能够准确做出判断。2021/8/11 星期三4 D stands for d_.We should first of all make sure that the accident scene is no longer dangerous.R is for r_.If the person can answer our questions,we know that he or she is conscious and can bre
5、athe.A is for airway.We must make sure that a persons airway is open and it is easy to b_.B is for breathing.If a person is breathing but not c_,it is usually best for him or her not to be moved.C is for circulation.Is the persons blood c_?angeresponsereatheonsciousirculatingI.运用上下文中的话题再现解题运用上下文中的话题
6、再现解题Ex.1.Fill in the blanks,pay attention to the red letters.eg.What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.It is,however,possible to use models to make forecasts about future developments.topic emersion2021/8/11 星期三5有时话题再现也表现为反义词或同类词再现eg.The most important thing to keep in mind whe
7、n dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.If we were to Panic we would not be able to help.Ex.2.Fill in the blanks with proper words.The first letter of each word has been given.Pay attention to the clues in red.And if poverty is l_ of a problem and people are better educated,there is a good chanc
8、e that we will see less violence and f_ wars.ess ewer2021/8/11 星期三6 AIDS is a disease that breaks _1_ the bodys immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.Most people who have AIDS _2_ to survive only _3_ years after they get the disease.For some,medicine can help
9、 them alive,but the treatment is expensive and does not _4_ them.1.A down B over C into D up2.A try B manage C struggle D learn3.A few B less C a few D enough4.A treat B operate C help D cureII.运用上下文中的语义联系解题运用上下文中的语义联系解题Ex.3.Find out some clues,and then choose the best answers.defenceless againstinf
10、ections and illnessessurvive onlyafter they get the diseasebut semantic association2021/8/11 星期三7A.Xiaohua has learnt to l_ with HIV and the fact that she will one day d_ AIDS.She knows that her life will not be as long as her classmates,but she will not let the disease d_ her happiness.B.I now thin
11、k of my cancer as a g_.Living with cancer has made me realise how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the f_.Every day is a new opportunity,and I have learnt to a_ every minute of each day.iveevelopiftullestppreciateestroyIII.通过理解篇章或深层意义解题通过理解篇章或深层意义解
12、题Ex.4.Understand the main idea of the paragraphs,then fill in the blanks.The first letter of each word is given.discourse2021/8/11 星期三8 1)On the whole,I think I am a better person for having gone to the school.I can read and write as well as anyone else my age,and I can think better.Thats probably a
13、 real big difference between the free school and regular school-the amount of _.(NMET2000,春)A.reading B.gardening C.teaching D.thinking 该段落强调作者比同龄人更会思考,且这一点是 Free School 和正规学校的最大区别。结尾处是对上文的总结,属于话题同现的情况。Explanation:Ex.5.Try to find out some clues with the skills we learnt,and then work out the proble
14、ms._Lets have a try!2021/8/11 星期三9 2)Todd was working at his gas station at night when he heard over the radio that a bank in Long Island had been broken into by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with$150,000.“One hundred and fifty thousand,”Todd whistled.Heres a fellow who ju
15、st walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.Todd thought of the _ with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.So many papers to sign,so much money to pay back.A.satisfaction B.difficulty C.disappointment D.spirit_ 填此空时,应该充分利用上下文,对照上文的语气:武装分子抢钱如此轻巧!
16、而自己赚钱却是如此麻烦,其中manage to 也有一定提示作用。2021/8/11 星期三104)It was an early morning in summer.In the street,sleepily-eyed people were moving quickly,heading towards their _.A.jobs B.homes C.buses D.offices 通过下文中政治家名字的提示,可以确定D为最佳答案。3)Surely it took the wisdom of age to make a good _.Perhaps it does,but look wh
17、en these people started their careers.Winston Churchill was elected to the House of Commons at the age of twenty-six.Abraham Lincoln gave up the life of a country lawyer and was elected to the government at what age?Twenty-six.A.teacher B.artist C.scientist D.leader2021/8/11 星期三11 完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个完形填
18、空题的解题过程首先是一个阅阅读读的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路,的过程。做题时必须把握作者的思路,使自己的使自己的思维模式思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻与作者的思维模式相吻合。在整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角合。在整个解题的过程中不断地从各个角度进行合乎逻辑的推理,进而度进行合乎逻辑的推理,进而验证验证推理的推理的正确性,正确性,修正修正初填的答案,以达到理解全初填的答案,以达到理解全文、解决问题的目的文、解决问题的目的。REASONING2021/8/11 星期三12 过渡词过渡词是指用以使上下文连贯的是指用以使上下文连贯的连词连词,副词副词或或介词词组介词词组,常常暗示了作者的思路方向,有
19、利于常常暗示了作者的思路方向,有利于判断句子之间的逻辑关系。判断句子之间的逻辑关系。并列关系 and,while因果关系 so,thus,for,because,since,as转折关系 but,however,though,nevertheless,on the contrary.顺序关系 before,after,first,then,finally让步关系 although,despite条件关系 if,provided,in case of 解释关系 that is to say,in another wordI.利用过渡词理解文章利用过渡词理解文章 transitional word
20、s2021/8/11 星期三13 Homework will always be homework,but the schools of the future will probably be 1what they are today.Real classrooms will always be2,but 3education will help people study 4they have time and 5they may be.The way we 6learning and knowledge is also7.Instead of being students only when
21、 we are,we will become life long learners.wherever,popular,whenever,young,view,changing,distance,quite different,whatever,wherever,the same as,living,improvingEx.6.Fill in the blanks with the words chosen from the box.Pay attention to some useful transitional words.quite different frompopulardistanc
22、ewheneverwhereverviewchangingyoung2021/8/11 星期三14 有些题目提供上下文要求选择过渡词,这时应该把有些题目提供上下文要求选择过渡词,这时应该把着眼点放在对句子之间,甚至段落之间的着眼点放在对句子之间,甚至段落之间的逻辑关系逻辑关系的的理解上理解上,才能有正确的判断。才能有正确的判断。eg.What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.It is,however,possible to use models to make forecasts about future dev
23、elopments.eg.Bend the persons leg so that he or she will not roll over.II.正确使用过渡词正确使用过渡词Logical analysis2021/8/11 星期三151)We should put the person in recovery position.This is a way of placing a body _the airway is clear.so that2)_international cooperation,developing countries cannot prosper,_will su
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