不同的词汇表示同种语义.ppt
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1、 Unit 8 Social Meaning Social meaning is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.In part,we decode the social meaning of a text through our recognition of different dimensions and levels of style within the same language.connotative affectiveassociative meani
2、ng reflected social collocative We recognize some words or pronunciations as being dialectal,i.e.as telling us something of the geographical or social origin of the speaker.Other features of language tell us something of the social relationship between the speaker and hearer;we have a scale of statu
3、s usage,for example,descending from formal and literary English at one end to colloquial,familiar,and eventually s l a n g E n g l i s h a t t h e o t h e r.Variation according to:Dialect(the language of geographical region or of a social class)Time(the language of the eighteenth century,etc.)Provin
4、ce(language of law,of science,of advertising,etc.)Status(polite,colloquial,slang,etc.)Singularity(the style of Dickens,of Hemingway,etc.)Variation according to Dialect:不同的词汇表示同种语义:British English Singapore EnglishMajority Ground Hit BoxHoliday OffSwitch off CloseTurn on OpenChaffing dish SteamboatSt
5、amp ChopDecorator ContractorPorridge:Singapore English:A bowl of plain or savoury rice gruel,which can be cooked with small pieces of meat or fishBritish English:a thick,sticky food made from oats cooked in water or milk,or to which sugar is addedMutton chopSingapore English:Chopped-up lumps of meat
6、 with no boneBritish English:Pieces of bone with meat attached ducks eggSingapore English:zero mark for an academic workBritish English:the egg laid by ducksButlerSingapore English:Stewards or stewardessesBritish English:a male housekeeperInterchangeSingapore English:bus terminalsBritish English:a j
7、unction where a motorway meets a main road,etc.仅在新加坡使用的词汇与表达法,但还未被上层语言所接受,例如:Singapore English Meaningssayanga mixed feeling of pity,love,regret for sth.precious that is losttambyoffice attendant;office boykaypohgreedy;interfering in others affairskayu stupid;dullkiasua feeling of fearing failure on
8、 inferiority to othersSingapore English MeaningsAksy AffectedAng-moh red-hair;a person of European ancestryBoleh tahan tolerably goodchap chye a mixture of everything新加坡英语的典型特征之一表现在对“la”的使用上。(1)表达一种“显而易见”的事实,例如:No need to count la.There are 30 students la.(2)表达一种委婉的建议,例如:You tell him la!Im so scared
9、 of him.(3)在作出某种解释时,用于缓和语气,避免粗鲁,例如:I was absent,because I was ill la.le (1)表示说话人不赞成某件事情的发生,例如:You cant walk there,very far le.Hoh (1)把直陈语气转为疑问句式,例如:This is not true,hoh?(2)蕴有一种“劝说”的话语功能,例如:You wait for me here,hoh.感叹词 (1)Ay yaaah!常在说话人生气时使用,例如:Ay yaaah!You made the same mistake again!(2)Ay yor!常用来表示
10、“痛苦”、“惊讶”等,例如:Ay yor!How can you do such a foolish thing?(3)Ayyer!常用于对不愉快的事或不是预料中的行为所作的感叹,例如:Ayyer!What a mess!(4)Che!常用于对不愉快事情的发生表示“恼怒”或“遗憾”,例如:Che!Dont interrupt me!(5)allamah常用来表示说话人对自己的言语、行为错误等的不满,例如:Allamah!I forgot to shut the door!Variation according to:Time(the language of the eighteenth cen
11、tury,etc.)In Shakespeares Hamlet:jump justcensure opinionvulgar commonfond stupidpregnant meaningfulgossip female friendsStructures:OSVSaxons the victory won.Him man not gave.SOV:He him sawVSOThen sent they home a messengerThen sent the king the dish.Negation form:I deny it not.Forbid him not.I love
12、 thee notHe saw you not.Words lost:In Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet:beseem be suitablewot knowgyve fetterWords that only preserved in poetry,etc.The boy is fair,of female favour.(W.Shakespeared:As you like it)favour:looks,contenance.P.112What is freedom?Ye can tellThat which slavery is,too well.Ye:y
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