大学英语大学英语 (7).ppt
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1、Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ mainBackground Information Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Background Information _ listBackground Information Stephen Hawking Albert Einstein Frankenstein Before R
2、eadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Stephen _ listStephen Hawking Brief Introduction to Stephen HawkingChronology of Stephen Hawking Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Albert
3、 Einstein_ listAlbert Einstein(18791955)Monologue of EinsteinAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of RelativityAlbert Einsteins General Theory of Relativity Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Frankenstein _ listFrankenstein A General IntroductionA Clip in
4、the Novel Frankenstein Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Brief Introduction to Stephen HawkingBrief Introduction to Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking(1942):British theoretical physicist and mathematician Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter
5、 ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 1Chronology of Stephen Hawking 1942 1958 1962 Born in Oxford,England.Entered and became especially interested in thermodynamics(热力学热力学),relativity theory,and quantum mechanics(量子力学量子力学).Received a bachelors degree in physics and then e
6、nrolled as a research student in general relativity at the .Oxford University University of CambridgeBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 21966 Earned his Ph.D.degree at the University of Cambridge.Stayed at the University
7、of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research.Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).“I am quite often asked:How do you feel about having ALS?The answer is,not a lot.I try to lead as normal a life as possible,and not think about my condition,or regret the things it
8、prevents me from doing,which are not that many.”Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 31977 1979 Became a professor of physics.Appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge,a post once held by Isaac Newton.This is
9、 a picture of Stephen Hawking,“Isaac Newton”and“Albert Einstein”.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 41988 19931996 Published his famous book A Brief History of Time:From the Big Bang to Black Holes.Wrote Black Holes and B
10、aby Universes and Other Essays.Co-authored a book with Sir Roger Penrose titled The Nature of Space and Time.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Oxford University _ pictureOxford University Chronology of Stephen Hawking Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDeta
11、iled ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ University of Cambridge_ pictureUniversity of CambridgeChronology of Stephen Hawking Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 1Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking sing
12、ularityA point in space-time at which the space-time curvature(曲率曲率)becomes infinite.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Readingmisuse v.误用,错用误用,错用turn out 结果是结果是manner n.方式,风格方式,风格entropy n.熵,热力学概念。熵,热力学概念。fatal a.重大的,致命的重大的,致命的motivate v.激发激发irritation n.愤怒愤怒B R
13、_ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 2black hole A region of space-time from which nothing,not even light,can escape.Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.With the help of the following words and expressions,listen to a recording of more information on black hole.object n.物体物体emit v.放射,吐
14、露放射,吐露the event horizon 事件视界,即黑洞的边界事件视界,即黑洞的边界Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 3A Brief History of TimeOne of his books to make his work accessible to the public.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter
15、ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 4Medal of Freedom Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary Reading By their very definition,black holes are objects which are not supposed to emit anything.It therefore seemed that the area of the ev
16、ent horizon of a black hole could not be regarded as its entropy.In fact in 1972,I wrote a paper on this subject with Brandon Carter and an American colleague Jim Bardeen.We pointed out that,although there were many similarities between entropy and the area of the event horizon,there was this appare
17、ntly fatal difficulty.I must admit that in writing this paper I was motivated partly by irritation with Beckenstein,because I felt he had misused my discovery of the increase of the area of the event horizon.However,it turned out in the end that he was basically correct,though in a manner he had cer
18、tainly not expected.B R _ black hole _ scriptBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Medal of Freedom _ script Persistent in his pursuit of knowledge,Stephen Hawking has unlocked new pathways of discovery and inspired people around the world.He has dedicat
19、ed his life to exploring the fundamental laws that govern the universe,and he has contributed to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time.His work has stirred the imagination of experts and lay persons alike.Living with a disability and possessing an uncommon ease of spirit,Stephen Ha
20、wkings attitude and achievements inspire hope,intellectual curiosity,and respect for the tremendous power of science.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Monologue of Einstein 1Monologue of EinsteinAlbert Einstein(18791955)Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDe
21、tailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Monologue of Einstein 2 I was born in Ulm,Germany in 1879.As you may know,1905 was a big year for me.Thats when I turned the world upside down,at least for scientists,with several new ideas.I proposed that space and time had to be looked at in a
22、whole new way that Newtons view of space and time was inaccurate.These ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introduced the equation E=mc2.Ten years later I presented the general theory of relativity.The general theory showed that gravity is not a force,as Newton had thought.It
23、is instead a curvature(曲曲率率)of the space-time continuum.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the following does not change according to Einstein?_A.Ti
24、meB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length Listen to the recording and choose the best answer.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the following does not change according to Einstein?_B R _ Albert Einsteins Specia
25、l Theory of Relativity 1AAA.TimeB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSupplementary ReadingB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1BAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the following does not change according to Einste
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