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1、 1 2020 高考英语全国 II 卷 B Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago,found children who play
2、with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-pare
3、nt pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that assessed their ability to rota
4、te(旋转)and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys a
5、nd girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Sc
6、ience.24.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?A.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C.Parents education.D.C
7、hild-parent relationship.26.How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.27.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A
8、scientific study.C.A woman psychologist D.A teaching program.2 2020 山东卷阅读理解 D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eatin
9、g with heavier people who order large portions(份),its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上
10、)participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased
11、 her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces
12、of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when were making decis
13、ions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the“Ill have what shes having”effect.However,well adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,Ill follo
14、w suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why cant I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.13.What does the underlined word beanpoles in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.14.
15、Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.15.On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last par
16、agraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.3 2020 深圳第二次线上测试 Pinocchio may be just a childrens fairy tale,but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investigated this so-called“Pinocchio effect”and found that our noses d
17、ont grow when we tell a lie,but actually shrink a bit.Dr.Gmez Miln and his team developed a lie detector test that used thermography(体温计)to tell if people were lying,and found that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful,the temperature of the tip of their nose dropped up to 1.
18、2,while the temperature of their forehead increased up to 1.5.Scientist also found that drop in temperature at nose level actually caused it to slightly shrink,although the difference is undetected by the human eye.“One has to think in order to lie,which rises the temperature of the forehead,”Dr.Gme
19、z Miln explained the findings.“At the same time we feel anxious,which lowers the temperature of the nose.”For this study,researchers asked a number of 60 students to perform various tasks while their temperature is scanned by technology.One of these tasks required making a 3 to 4 minutes call to the
20、ir parents or a friend and telling a significant lie.Participants had to make up the lie themselves during the call.Interestingly,this lie detector picked up the“Pinocchio effect”temperature difference in 80 percent of the test subjects,which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie d
21、etector.“With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”,said Dr.Gmez Miln,who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.1.Why does the writer talk about Pinocchio in the first paragraph?A.To te
22、ll a fairy tale.B.To give an example.C.To talk about a scientist.D.To introduce the topic.2.What is“Pinocchio effect”?A.Our noses will grow when we tell a lie.B.Our noses will shrink when we tell a lie.C.The temperature of the forehead falls if we lie.D.The temperature of the student rises for anxie
23、ty.3.How did Dr.Gmez Miln feel about the lie detector?A.Doubtful.B.Surprised.C.Confident.D.Puzzled.4.What lesson can we learn from the text?A.A lie will travel very hard.B.Many ways to bring a liar to light.C.A lie never lives to be old.D.Once a liar always a liar.4 2018北京高考阅读C Plastic-Eating Worms
24、Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场),and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers
25、in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40%of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours,and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,or almost 3%of it.To c
26、onfirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13%of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs.Their findings were pub
27、lished in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture,but the basic bond in polyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well,”she explains,“Th
28、e wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involved in the study,says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down i
29、n this one exciting.The next step,DeBruyn says,will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she exp
30、ects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfil
31、ls.44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn,the next step of the study is to .A.identify other means of the breakdown B.find out the source of the enzyme C.confirm the research findings D.increase the breakdown speed 45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A.help to raise worm
32、s B.help make plastic bags C.be used to clean the oceans D.be produced in factories in future 46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance
33、.5 2020 高考英语全国 II 卷 B keys:BCDB 24.B 细节理解题。【关键句】Psychologist Susan Levine.found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.(第二段第一句)译文:心理学家 Susan Levine发现,2 至 4 岁之间玩拼图游戏的孩子的空间(想象)能力发展得更好。根据关键句可知,玩拼图游戏能使孩子在空间(想象)能力的发展方面受益。故 B 项正确。25.C 细节理解题。【关键句】Puzzle play
34、 was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said.(第二段第二句)译文:Levine 说,在控制了父母的收入(情况)、受教育程度和(与子女)谈话次数的差异后,她发现拼图游戏是(发展)认知能力的一个重要预测因素。根据关键句可知,Levine 在设计自己的实验时考虑的因素有父母的收入(情况)、受教育程度和(与子女)谈话的次数。故
35、C 项正确。26.D 细节理解题。【关键句】However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls.(倒数第二段最后一句)译文:然而,男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的拼图 根据关键句可知,男孩喜欢玩更难的拼图。故 D 项正确。27.B 推理判断题。【关键句】The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.(最后一段)译文:研究结果在发展科学杂志上发表了。2020 山东卷阅读理解 D keys:DDAC 12.细节理解题。可知,根据消费者研究杂志最近
36、的一项研究,我们的饮食伙伴的体型和食量都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选 D。13.由 contrary to 可推断出,画线词和 heavier people(超重的人)相反,结合选项,D 选项(瘦瘦高高的人)正好和 heavier people 正好相反。故选 D。14.在两个实验中,胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做,吃的食物比平常多。然而,当演员是瘦的时候,参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断,研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选 A 15.通过题干关键词定位。后文告诉我们,如果一个超重的人吃很大一份,我会忍住一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结
37、果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多,我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条,为什么我不能呢?因此推断我们是根据对他人的看法来调整食量大小的。故选 C。perceivev.感觉,察觉认知 2020 深圳第二次线上测试 keys:DBCB 本文是说明文。文章通过提到“匹诺曹效应”引入话题介绍了一种红外热像测谎仪,这种仪器现在已经被认为是世界上最可信的测谎仪。1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pinocchio may be just a childrens fairy tale,but Spanish scientists at the University of Granada recently investi
38、gated this so-called“Pinocchio effect”and found that our noses dont grow when we tell a lie,but actually shrink a bit.”可知,匹诺曹也许只是一个讲给孩子听的童话,不过,西班牙格拉纳达大学的科学家最近研究了所谓的“匹 6 诺曹效应”,结果发现,我们在说谎时鼻子不会变大,而是会缩小一点。由此判断出作者在第一段中谈到“匹诺曹”的目的是引入“匹诺曹效应”的研究话题。故选 D。2.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Spanish scientists at the University of
39、Granada recently investigated this so-called“Pinocchio effect”and found that our noses dont grow when we tell a lie,but actually shrink a bit.”可知,西班牙科学家最近对这种所谓的“匹诺曹效应”进行了研究,发现我们在说谎时鼻子不会变大,而是会缩小一点。故选 B。3.推理判段题。根据第四段中的“Interestingly,this lie detector picked up the“Pinocchio effect”temperature differen
40、ce in 80 percent of the test subjects,which is a better rate of success than that of any modern lie detector.”和最后一段中的“With this method we have achieved to increase accuracy”,said Dr.Gmez Miln,”可知,有趣的是,该测谎仪在 80的测试对象中发现了“匹诺曹效应”温差,与任何现代测谎仪相比,其成功率更高。Dr.Gmez Mil 说:“通过这种方法,我们已经达到了提高准确性的目的。”由此判断出,Gmez Mil
41、博士对测谎仪的作用很有信心。故选 C。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.said Dr.Gmez Miln,who added that law enforcement interviewers could one day combine other lie detection technology with thermal imaging to achieve better results.”可知,Dr.Gmez Miln 补充说,执法人员可能有一天可以将其他测谎技术与热成像技术相结合,以获得更好的结果。因此可推知,揭露谎言的方法有很多。故选B。2018 北京卷阅读理解 C keys:CB
42、DC 全文围绕一种可以降解塑料的大蜡螟虫子的展开,有可能解决社会生活中塑料污染问题。文章具有科普类说明文体的典型特征,属于实验研究型。第一段导语点题。第二至四段为主干分别描述了研究过程、虫子能降解塑料的原理、后续研究的方向。结尾就如何运用这种方法进行展望。题目设置既注重对语篇整体理解的考查,也关注事实性信息的考查。43.细节理解题,答案选 C。根据文章第二段中的“The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours,and the worms consumed and broke d
43、own about 92 milligrams,or almost 3%of it.”可知这些虫子可以消耗聚乙烯购物袋,即塑料袋。44.细节理解题,答案选 B。根据题干信息和文中标志词 the next step 定位原文第四段最后两句话,可推知下一步研究是要找到酶的来源。45.推理判断题,答案选D。根据文章最后一段“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”可知研究者希望那些化学物品可以工业化生产,而不是将许多虫子直接扔在塑料上。46.主旨大意题,根据全文中心思想找出作者的写作意图,答案为 C。通过标题和首尾段,可知全篇文章的核心是阐述虫子和降解塑料之间的关系,C 选项中 a way 指的就是文中的worm,它和 plastics 是全文的研究对象,而 break down 指出了两者的关联,所以 C 项概括了全文的写作意图。
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