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1、一个英国牧师为了表达自己不爱穿牧师制服的想法,便对大家说:I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from my fellowman 我不愿穿任何使我显得与众不同的衣服。I will wear no clothes,which will distinguish me from my fellowmen 我什么衣服都不穿,这样就会使我显得与众不同了。第1页/共90页了解一下非限制性定语从句的翻译His father who is a teather is fifty years old this year.His father,who i
2、s a teather,is fifty years old this year.他那个是教师的爸爸今年五十岁了。他爸爸今年五十岁了,他是个教师。第2页/共90页 有没有逗号,语意不一样。What a cat!多好的一只猫呀!What,a cat!什么,一只猫?Mary says Tess is the most beautiful actress in Paris 玛丽说苔丝是巴黎最美的女演员。Mary,says Tess,is the most beautiful actress in Paris苔丝说,玛丽是巴黎最美的女演员。第3页/共90页He is,too,sorry to do i
3、t He is too sorry to do it Do you know her father?Do you know her,father?他做这件事心里也很难受。他心里太难受了,无法做这件事。你认识她父亲?父亲,你认识她吗?第4页/共90页标点符号位置不同,语意不一样。The woman thinks,her husband will come back soon The woman,thinks her husband,will come back soon 这个女人认为,她丈夫会很快回家。这女人的丈夫认为,女人会很快回家。第5页/共90页He gave me twenty-five
4、 dollar billsHe gave me twenty five-dollar billsIn the class there are ten students who speakEnglish very wellIn the class there are ten students,who speak English very well这个班有10个学生,他们的英语说得很好。他给了我25元钞票。他给了我20张5元的钞票。这个班有10个英语说得很好的学生。第6页/共90页 The teacher left the students feeling very depressed 老师离开了
5、感到沮丧的学生们。The teacher left the students,feeling very depressed.老师离开了这些学生,感到很沮丧。Sitting on a stone,a dog is running beside him.分词做状语其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。坐在一块石头上,一条狗从他旁边跑过。错第7页/共90页英汉标点符号对照表 汉语标点符号 英语标点符号句号。Period 逗号 ,comma ,分号 ;semicolon ;冒号 :colon :问号?question mark?感叹号!Exclamation mark !引号(双)“”quotation m
6、ark(double)“”(单)(single)括号 ()parenthesis ()省略号 ellipsis 破折号 dash 顿号 、comma ,兼此功能书名号 斜体印刷 Hyphen 一(连词号)Apostrophe (省字号)第8页/共90页MrGreen is from England he teaches English in a middle school he speaks some Chinese but not much he goes to Chinese classes every week he likes working in China very much he
7、 says the Chinese people are very friendly he has a son and a daughter they go to school here too but to a different school 1句号不同(译成汉语注意标点)第9页/共90页格林先生来自英国。他在一所中学教英语。他会说些汉语。但不多。他每星期去上汉语课。他非常喜欢在中国工作。他说中国人民非常友好。他有一个儿子和一个女儿。他们也在这里上学。但是不在同一个学校。第10页/共90页“来自英国”和“教英语”是一个意思,“讲汉语”和“上汉语课”是一个意思,“在中国工作”和“非常友好”可
8、作为一个意思,“有一个儿子和一个女儿”与“不在一个学校”是一个意思,属于一个意思的句子才用句号。第11页/共90页格林先生来自英国,在一所中学教英语。他会说些汉语,但不多,每星期去上汉语课。他非常喜欢在中国工作,说中国人非常友好。他有一个儿子和一个女儿,也在这里上学,但不在同一个学校。第12页/共90页英语句号除了(1)表达一个意思外,还表示一个(2)句子的停顿,只要这个句子(3)主谓语都有,在语法上是个标准句子,一般都可以用句号。第13页/共90页英语句号汉可以表达缩写,省略词Kg.公斤 A.m.上午n.名词pron.代词 ie.即etc.等等No.第 Mr.先生U.S.A.美国第14页/共
9、90页 2逗号不同英语逗号表示很短的停顿(1)相当于汉语的顿号“、”,用在多个并列词之间。There are 5 people in my family:my wife,my father,my mother,my son and I.He likes bread,milk,sugar and fruits (2)复合句连词之前、两个分句之间用逗号。He can speak English,but not so much 第15页/共90页 This is Jack,and that is Tom.(3)位于句首的直接引语之后。“Im very sorry,”said John.“Im ver
10、y sorry”said John John said,“Im very sorry.”“Mum,”said Harry,“This is my classmate John”正确错误错误正确判断正误:第16页/共90页“Mum,come over,”said Harry“This is my classmate John正确“妈妈,过来!”哈里说:“这是我同学约翰。”(4)用于称呼语、转折副词、插入句等一些独立成分后面,如:Hi,every body大家好!信开头或开会的称呼语,提醒别人注意。Dear Sir or Madams,亲爱的先生或女士:注:译成汉语时,逗号变成冒号。第17页/共9
11、0页 3冒号不同英语冒号表示的停顿要比逗号长,表明下面要有事物列举。如:Please buy me some fruits:apples oranges,grapes and bananasHe said:“she is learning Chinese”He said,“She is learning Chinese”错误正确第18页/共90页英语在引用说话内容时,“说”后面一般应用逗号。而汉语则用冒号。引语中的第一个字母应大写。英语say后面若用冒号,表明说话的人态度非常严肃,或是引语的内容很正式。第19页/共90页4分号不同英语分号表示停顿要比逗号长,但比冒号短。常用于几个关系较为密切的
12、分句之间,或用于被列举较长、中间含有逗号的事物名称之后。如:Dont use my pen;it doesnt work Dont use my pen;It doesnt work 正确错误别用我的钢笔,笔坏了。注意:第二分句第一字母不能大写。第20页/共90页5.问号、感叹号、破折号英汉几乎相同,只是英语的破折号比汉语短一半。6.引号用法英汉基本相同,但表达书籍、报刊等名称时,英语没有汉语的书名号“”,英语用斜体字、下划线、或者用引号来表示,名称里每一个词的第一个字母要大写。The books called“A New English-Chinese Dictionary”sell wel
13、l.第21页/共90页The books called A New English-Chinese Dictionary sell well 如引号内还需引号,可用单引号:“I have seen the film Gone With Wind,”she said “我看过电影飘。”她说。7.汉语里没有连字符,连字符常用于英语合成词中,如:father-in-law 岳父第22页/共90页 用在呼叫语中时,相当于汉语的破折号,如:“He-e-elp!”she cried “救-命-呵!”她喊道。有没有连字符,词义不一样 green house绿色的房子 dark room黑暗的房间green-
14、house温室 dark-room 暗室green room绿色的房间 resign 辞职green-room演员休息室 re-sign 再签署第23页/共90页9.英汉省略号长短不同,英语是三个点,汉语是六个点,用法一样,如:thankfor.因感谢8.省字符“”是汉语中没有的,常表示所有格、省略,如:teachers book教师用书 dont 不 Im 我是 99 1999第24页/共90页Contents:句号(Full Stop/Period)问号(Question Mark)感叹号(Exclamation Mark)逗号(Comma)冒号(Colon)分号(Semicolon)连字
15、符(Hyphen)破折号(Dash)引号(Quotation Marks)撇号(Apostrophe)省略号(Ellipsis)第25页/共90页句号(Full Stop/Period)用于陈述句、语气温和的祈使句或客气的问句后。用于间接引语之后。用于某些缩略语、小数点之后。表示序列的字母或数字之后。Lets go to the movies.May we hear from you soon.第26页/共90页问号(Question Mark)用于疑问句或语气较委婉的祈使句之后。用来表示存疑或无把握。用于陈述句之后表示疑问。用于插入式问句表示强调。What can I do for you?
16、This vase dates back to 600?BC.Im the one to be blame for the mess?He was so tired is that true?that he wont come.第27页/共90页感叹号(Exclamation Mark)表示感慨、惊讶、命令、哀怨、赞赏、决心等。用于感叹词之后。How time flies!Be quiet!Oh!Fire!Please leave alone!God,youve finished your task!第28页/共90页逗号(Comma)用于分割并列成分,相当于汉语中的顿号作用。用于分割并列句中
17、的分句。用于分割对比或对照成分。用于分割非限定性定于从句、同位 语、或附加说明成分。用于分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句。用于分割直接引语及导语。用于分割句首状语、插入语等。用于分割日期、数字、地点、人名 与职衔等、(信件)呼语等。第29页/共90页例句:Were tired,thirsty and hungry.We must hurry up,otherwise,we will miss the bus.No pain,no gain.He wants us,you and me,to go to his place tomorrow.John didnt take it,did he?Mr.G
18、reen said,“Please call on us.”Frankly,thats all the money I have.He left on July 20,2008,for a trip around the world.David Smith,Ph.D.第30页/共90页冒号(Colon)冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释 用于一个正式的引用之前。也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面.冒号用于数字时间的表示.冒号用于主标题和副标题之间.This is her plan:go shopping.The professor said:“It was horrible.”Web Directo
19、ry:World and Non-U.S.Economic Data 第31页/共90页分号(Semicolon)用于并列分句之间。分隔已经有逗号分割的成分,以免导致歧义。用于由for example,for instance,namely,that is(to say),in fact,i.e.,等词语引导的句子之前。Your bike is new;mine is old.Follow this procedure:first,get your application forms;next,fill them out;last,pay the charge.His sister is a
20、busy girl;in fact,she works harder than he does.第32页/共90页连字符(Hyphen)用于某些前缀后和构成复合词。Job-hunting构成某些复合数字(100以下的数字应用单词写出,不可用阿拉伯数字代替)twenty-one;during the years 1949-1999 用于移行,一般按音节间断开单词加连字号(例如:ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py),或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。第33页/共90页破折号(Dash)用于话语突然中断、意思转折或犹豫不决。用作解释。用于被强
21、调部分。引出概括性词语或表示引文出处。用于两地名或两时间之间,相当于连字号。第34页/共90页破折号(Dash)“Id like to,”he said,“but Im”Money,fame,power these are his goals in life.What he needed most he never got love.London New York flight第35页/共90页引号(Quotation Marks)引用书面或口头的直接引语。引用事物的名称。引用俚语、反语、定义、词形等。引用对话。表示强调。第36页/共90页引号(Quotation Marks)Bob said
22、,“Lets meet at my house next time.”Have you read the novel“Flying”?How do you spell the word“souvenir”?“Did you have a great time last night?”第37页/共90页撇号(Apostrophe)省字符。表示某些特殊结构的复数形式。表示名词的所有格。youd better=you had better cause=because the class of 09=the class of 2009 todays news,a friend of my father
23、s 第38页/共90页省略号(Ellipsis)表示词语或句子的有意省略。表示断断续续、停顿、犹豫不决。表示没有说完的话语。用以分割词组,加强语气。“the book is lovely and well written.”“Tell mother I died for my country.”Do it soon Do it today Do it now.“I dont know I dont know.”第39页/共90页中英文标点符号的差异 汉语中的某些标点符号为英语所没有。顿号(、):顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用;英语中没有顿号,分割句中的并列成分多用逗号。如:She s
24、lowly,carefully,deliberately moved the box.注意:类似的情况下,最后一个逗号后可加and,这个逗号也可省略-She slowly,carefully(,)and deliberately moved the box.第40页/共90页 间隔号:汉语有间隔号,用在月份和日期、音译的名和姓等需要隔开的词语的正中间,如一二九、奥黛丽赫本(人名)等。英语中没有汉语的间隔号,需要间隔时多用逗点。第41页/共90页 书名号():英文没有书名号,书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示。如:Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Winters Tale/Winters Tale 冬天的童
25、话 The New York Times/The New York Times 纽约时报 另外,英语中文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称和交通工具、航天器等的专有名词也常用斜体来表示。第42页/共90页 英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。撇号-Apostrophe()连字号-Hyphen(-)斜线号Virgule or Slash(/):该符号主要起分割作用。It could be for staff and/or students.也常用于标音,如bed/bed/。第43页/共90页 某些符号在汉英两种语言中的形式不同。中文的句号是空心圈(。)英文的句号是实心点(.)。英文的省略号是三个点
26、(.),位置在行底;中文的为六个点(.),居于行中。英文的破折号是()中文的是()第44页/共90页COMMAPunctuation第45页/共90页6 Functions of Comma1.As introducer-used after introductory words,phrases or clauses第46页/共90页Words However,the new law was largely ignored by the public.Phrases After a long vacation,he returned to work.Clauses Since he have
27、no money,we can not buy it.Appositives Tom,a friend of mine will see to it.第47页/共90页6 Functions of Comma2.As coordinator -used between two independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions and,but,yet,or,for,nor,and so.第48页/共90页6 Functions of Comma3.As linker -used to connect items in a series
28、;to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed;to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.第49页/共90页6 Functions of Comma4.As inserter -used before and after an inserted element of a sentence.The new law,however,was largely ignored by the public.第
29、50页/共90页6 Functions of Comma5.As Linker -used to connect items in a series;to connect last name with the first and second names when the normal order is reversed;to connect a direct quotation with our introducing words.第51页/共90页6 Functions of Comma6.As separator -used to separate digits,except telep
30、hone numbers,ZIP numbers,house number,and the like;to prevent misreading and misunderstanding.In the morning,light began to flood our room.第52页/共90页Comma SplicePunctuation第53页/共90页Comma spliceA comma splice(error,fault,or blunder)occurs when a comma is used to join two independent clauses.第54页/共90页F
31、ive ways to correct a comma splice1).to add a coordinating conjunction following the comma;2).to add a subordinating conjunction,making the second clause depend on the first;第55页/共90页Five ways to correct a comma splice3).to use a semicolon instead;4).to use a period instead;5).to use a semicolon plu
32、s a conjunctive adverb like indeed,therefore,nevertheless,and however.第56页/共90页Wrong sentenceI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling,his strong rhythms appealed to me.第57页/共90页CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling,for his strong rhythms appealed to me.第58页/共90页CorrectionsI lea
33、rned to like poetry when I read Kipling,because his strong rhythms appealed to me.第59页/共90页CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling;his strong rhythms appealed to me.第60页/共90页CorrectionsI learned to like poetry when I read Kipling.His strong rhythms appealed to me.第61页/共90页Corrections
34、I learned to like poetry when I read Kipling;indeed,his strong rhythms appealed to me.第62页/共90页SemicolonPunctuation第63页/共90页Using semicolon is not difficult if we remember that a semicolon is more like a period than a comma.It is a very strong punctuation.Semicolon are used in three ways.第64页/共90页1.
35、Between two sentences that are closely connected in idea,or independent clauses when they are not joined by the coordinating conjunctions and,but,for,or and nor.第65页/共90页When angry,count four;when very angry,swear.Computer using is increasing;computer crime is,too.第66页/共90页2.Before sentence connecto
36、rs and some transitional phrases(however,therefore,nevertheless,moreover,that is,in fact etc.).第67页/共90页You have to return all the books within two weeks;otherwise,you cant borrow any more books.第68页/共90页3.Between items in a series when any of the item listed already contains commas,or when the clau
37、se-items are long.第69页/共90页The year is divided into four seasons:spring,the green season;summer,the red season;autumn,the golden season;winter,the white season.第70页/共90页The conference,short as it was,gave us the fact we needed;and at dinner that night,we shared opinions,questions,and conclusions abo
38、ut the labor dispute.第71页/共90页colonPunctuation第72页/共90页Using a colon at the end of an independent clause focuses attention on the words following the colon.After a colon,we often write lists,appositives,and direct quotations.第73页/共90页Before listsUse a colon to introduce a list.Libraries have two kin
39、ds of periodicals:bound periodicals and current periodicals.I need the following groceries:eggs,milk,and coffee.第74页/共90页Caution1.Do not use a colon to introduce a list after the verb to be unless you add the following or as follows.第75页/共90页Wrong sentenceTo me,the most important things in life are:
40、good health,a happy home life,and a satisfying occupation.第76页/共90页CorrectionsTo me,the most important things in life are good health,a happy home life,and a satisfying occupation.第77页/共90页CorrectionsTo me,the most important things in life are the following:good health,a happy home life,and a satisf
41、ying occupation.第78页/共90页Caution2.Do not use a colon after a preposition.Use a colon only at the end of an independent clause.第79页/共90页Wrong sentenceAfter a long day at work,I look forward to:enjoying a quiet dinner at home,playing with my children,and watching a little TV.第80页/共90页CorrectionsAfter
42、a long day at work,I look forward to enjoying a quiet dinner at home,playing with my children,and watching a little TV.第81页/共90页Before AppositivesUse a colon after an independent clause to direct attention to an appositive(a word or word group that renames another word or word group).第82页/共90页He had
43、 one great love in his life:himself.A doctor has two important abilities:the ability to listen and the ability to analyze.第83页/共90页Before long quotationsUse a colon to introduce a quotation longer than three lines.This type of quote is indented on both sides,and no quotation marks are used.第84页/共90页
44、As Albert C.Baugh and Thomas Cable state in their book The History of the English Language:There is no such thing as uniformity in language.Not only does the speech of one community differ from that of another,but the speech of different individuals of a single community,even different members of th
45、e same family,is marked by individual peculiarities.第85页/共90页Before SubtitlesUse a colon between the main title and the subtitle of a book,article,or play.第86页/共90页A popular book on nonverbal communication is Samovar and Porters Intercultural Communication:A Reader.The title of an article from the New York Times is Man on Mars:Dream or Reality?第87页/共90页ln Expressions of Time of day!Use a colon between the numbers for hours and minutes when indicating the time of day.第88页/共90页THANKS!第89页/共90页感谢您的观看!第90页/共90页
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