大学英语写作首末段句型示例分析bagi.pptx
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1、大学英语写作首末大学英语写作首末段句型示例段句型示例文章的结构文章的结构一个完整的段落包括三部分:主题句,一个完整的段落包括三部分:主题句,推展推展句和结论句。句和结论句。一篇完整的四六级作文包括三部分:引言,一篇完整的四六级作文包括三部分:引言,正文和结论。又称:三段论。正文和结论。又称:三段论。因此,可以说,因此,可以说,文章是段落的扩展,段落是文章是段落的扩展,段落是文章的压缩。文章的压缩。段落的结构段落的结构文章的结构文章的结构十句作文法十句作文法具体地说,四六级作文实际是一个十句具体地说,四六级作文实际是一个十句话短文(十句作文法)话短文(十句作文法)引言段两句或三句话:开头句引言段
2、两句或三句话:开头句+主题句主题句(中心思想句(中心思想句+承上启下的组织句)承上启下的组织句)正文段四句话:主题句正文段四句话:主题句+三个扩(推)展三个扩(推)展句句结论段四句或三句话:主题句结论段四句或三句话:主题句+扩(推)扩(推)展句展句+结论句结论句Example Losing Weight1)减肥已成为时尚。)减肥已成为时尚。2)人们热衷于减肥的原因。)人们热衷于减肥的原因。3)减肥的有效方法。)减肥的有效方法。1)2 sentences2)4 sentences3)4 sentencesLosing Weight1)Nowadays,many people are very m
3、uch worried about being overweight.2)And people,the young and women in particular,are trying various ways to lose weight.3)There are many reasons why more and more people are concerned about losing weight.4)To begin with,they are all aware of the danger of being overweight,which may lead to many dis
4、eases such as hyper-tension,diabetes and heart attacks.5)Secondly,more people have become concerned about their shape and they want to appear energetic and young.6)Whats more,losing weight can help them feel mentally healthier and build up their self-esteem.7)There are different means through which
5、people can achieve their goal of losing weight.8)First of all,some of the people who want to remove their fat eat less or eat nothing.9)Besides,they take weight-reducing drugs.10)But the most effective and healthy way to lose weight is to take proper exercises.文章的开头文章的开头常言道:常言道:“织衣织裤,贵在起头织衣织裤,贵在起头”,
6、不落,不落俗套,别致新颖的开头(引言段)能吸俗套,别致新颖的开头(引言段)能吸引读者,紧紧抓住读者的注意力。引读者,紧紧抓住读者的注意力。在四六级考试作文评分中,采用在四六级考试作文评分中,采用global scoring的评分原则,的评分原则,因此,文章的引因此,文章的引言段是否能吸引言段是否能吸引assessor/examiner,是文章分数高低的一个关键。是文章分数高低的一个关键。文章开头写作的两点原则文章开头写作的两点原则要紧扣文章标题,即开头点题。要紧扣文章标题,即开头点题。要能顺利地引出下文,和下文(文章要能顺利地引出下文,和下文(文章中间部分中间部分正文)的内容相联系,正文)的内
7、容相联系,引发读者兴趣,使人想读下去。引发读者兴趣,使人想读下去。首段写作首段写作(1)谚语法谚语法 由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受,用谚语提出自由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受,用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。己的观点也容易被读者所接受。例如:As the saying(proverb)goes,“Haste makes waste.”We are now living in an age of rapid pace and high efficiency.Everyone wants to set the quickest result within the shortest time.
8、But if too much emphasis is laid upon speed,people will ignore the quality of what they are doing,and thus yield unsatisfying results.Shakespeare said:“One who is unhappy can never get a beneficial result.”That is to say,happiness is very important in our life.Francis Bacon once said,“Some books are
9、 to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.”Perhaps this is the best advice on how to read.此种开头段的构成此种开头段的构成引用的谚语或名言引用的谚语或名言+意义意义+主题(中心思想)主题(中心思想)Late Chairman Mao is right in his saying that failure is the mother of success.We should draw a lesson from failure rather
10、 than be defeated by failure.Walk through failure and we will succeed.There is an old English saying which goes“No pains,no gains.”It illustrates the importance of hard work in the process of success.In other words,diligence is a key factor to success.“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”is
11、a popular saying in English.There is much truth in this old saying.It means that in order to keep us in good health,we must take sufficient recreation.常用的句型有常用的句型有:There is an old saying that People often say It is often quoted that One of the great men once said that (2)定义法 定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做定义法是通过对文章
12、中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释,限定一些简单或正面或反面的解释,限定其范围,这样比较有利于引出主题。其范围,这样比较有利于引出主题。例如:Fashion means a general tendency among people in a certain society,for example,their common interest in clothes,in one type of hair style and so on.Some people like fashion.My Favorite Hobby A hobby is an interesting way of spe
13、nding ones free time.My favorite hobby is playing chess.In my free time,I often play chess with my father.I like playing chess in my spare time because of the following three main reasons.这种文章开头方法就是用定义开头法。解释文章的标题或话题。下定义常用的句型有:Sth.is./is called./is considered to be./is taken to be./refer to./means./s
14、ignifies(3)提问法提问法 通通过过提提问问一一个个或或一一连连串串的的问问题题,可可以以激激发发读读者者的兴趣,从而引出主题。的兴趣,从而引出主题。例如:Do you have many friends?Are they similar to you or different from you?Which kind of friends do you prefer?What is essential for happiness?Our world is a big world,complex and full of many diverse people.So different p
15、eople may have different opinions.In my opinion,happiness lies in the service that you give other people.此种开头段的构成此种开头段的构成这种开头段的构成方法如下:这种开头段的构成方法如下:问题问题+答案(过渡句答案(过渡句+提供答案的提供答案的进一步论述)进一步论述)+中心思想句中心思想句What is a true student meant?A true student is one who possesses good morality,sound health,perfect kn
16、owledge and various abilities.To attain this end,I shall give a few suggestions as follows.(4)现象描述法现象描述法 指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状,然后指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状,然后引出主题引出主题。例如:In recent years,while our industries and businesses have developed quickly,the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.Efforts ar
17、e being made to prevent people from cutting more trees,but to realize the significance of making cities greener is of importance.(5)主题句开篇法)主题句开篇法 即开门见山直接陈述主题即开门见山直接陈述主题。例如:As a human being,one can hardly do without a friend.Society is made up of individuals,and making friends is a very important par
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