益普索-2018年全球假新闻报告(英文)-2019.1-36页.pdf
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1、Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustA study across 27 countriesFAKE NEWS, POST-TRUTH AND FILTER BUBBLESFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 20183Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems, not ours - 65% think that other people live in a bub
2、ble on the internet, mostly looking for opinions they already agree with BUT only 34% say they live in their own bubble - 63% are confident they can identify fake news - BUT only 41% think average person can - 58% think theyre better than average at spotting fake news, only 28% think theyre not - 60
3、% think other people dont care about facts any more, they just believe what they want - 59% think they have a better understanding of social realities like crime rates than the average person, only 29% think they dont4 Ipsos.65% 77% 74% 72% 71% 71% 70% 70% 70% 69% 69% 68% 67% 67% 67% 66% 66% 64% 62%
4、 62% 61% 60% 60% 59% 57% 55% 50% 44%25% 14% 21% 23% 19% 24% 19% 19% 25% 20% 24% 25% 29% 19% 26% 30% 22% 22% 22% 24% 27% 30% 30% 29% 25% 28% 37% 35%Total US India Malaysia Sweden Turkey Australia Great Britain Mexico Canada Serbia Argentina Chile Hungary South Africa Peru South Korea Poland Belgium S
5、pain China Brazil Russia Saudi Arabia France Germany Italy JapanT123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disagree The average person in COUNTRY lives in their own bubble on the internet, mostly connecting with people like themselves and
6、looking for opinions they already agree with.5 Ipsos.34% 56% 54% 53% 49% 44% 40% 38% 37% 37% 34% 34% 32% 32% 32% 32% 31% 31% 30% 30% 30% 29% 27% 25% 25% 23% 23% 22%56% 39% 34% 43% 39% 45% 53% 52% 58% 58% 60% 55% 57% 57% 62% 56% 61% 64% 57% 61% 57% 64% 53% 59% 62% 70% 71% 64%Total India China Malaysi
7、a Saudi Arabia South Korea Peru Brazil South Africa Turkey Chile Poland Australia Hungary Russia US Canada Mexico Belgium Great Britain Spain Serbia Japan France Italy Argentina Sweden GermanyBase: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disagree I live in my own bubble on the internet,
8、mostly connecting with people like myself and looking for opinions I already agree with.T123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 20186T123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627+31 +48 +45 +45 +40 +40 +39 +38 +38 +35 +34 +33 +33 +32
9、 +32 +32 +30 +30 +28 +26 +25 +22 +22 +19 +18 +17 +10 +7Total Sweden Argentina US Great Britain Serbia Mexico Australia Canada Hungary Turkey Germany Chile Belgium Spain France South Africa Poland Russia Peru Italy South Korea Brazil Malaysia India Japan Saudi Arabia ChinaWere much more likely to thi
10、nk others live in filter bubble than admit we do+/- NetThis chart compares what people say for others and what they say for themselves on how much they live in a bubble, from previous two slides and shows how many more people think that others live in an internet bubble than admit that for themselve
11、s7 Ipsos.41% 69% 60% 60% 58% 55% 54% 46% 44% 44% 44% 40% 40% 39% 39% 38% 38% 37% 37% 36% 34% 32% 29% 29% 28% 27% 26% 26%48% 23% 34% 29% 34% 39% 27% 48% 50% 51% 49% 49% 56% 48% 47% 51% 45% 53% 48% 51% 59% 53% 53% 62% 59% 61% 52% 64%Total Hungary Malaysia Saudi Arabia China India Spain Peru Chile Mexi
12、co Serbia Russia Turkey Canada Poland Brazil France Argentina South Korea Australia South Africa Belgium Germany US Great Britain Italy Japan SwedenT123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disagree I am confident that the average person
13、in COUNTRY can tell real news from fake news.8 Ipsos.T12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262763% 77% 76% 76% 76% 74% 73% 72% 72% 70% 70% 69% 68% 68% 67% 66% 65% 64% 64% 63% 60% 58% 54% 52% 47% 45% 39% 30%25% 19% 20% 21% 15% 20% 20% 19% 23% 25% 18% 17% 22% 23% 19% 21% 24% 24% 25% 26% 27% 31% 28
14、% 37% 31% 36% 38% 47%Total Turkey Chile Peru Serbia Malaysia South Africa Argentina Mexico India Saudi Arabia Poland Brazil Hungary Australia Great Britain US Canada Sweden China Belgium Russia France Italy Germany South Korea Spain JapanBase: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disa
15、gree I am confident that I can tell real news from fake news (entirely made up stories or facts).Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 20189T123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627I can identify fake news but the rest of my country cant+/- Net+22 +39 +38 +38 +37 +36 +35 +
16、32 +32 +31 +30 +30 +30 +28 +28 +25 +25 +18 +18 +16 +15 +14 +10 +8 +5 +4 -1 -15Total South Africa Great Britain Sweden Turkey US Argentina Chile Serbia Australia Brazil Peru Poland Belgium Mexico Canada Italy Germany Russia France India Malaysia Saudi Arabia South Korea China Japan Hungary SpainThis
17、chart compares what people say for others and what they say for themselves on being able to identify fake news from previous two slides and shows how many more people think the average person cant identify fake news compared with them (except in Spain and Hungary)10 Ipsos.58% 73% 72% 69% 69% 69% 68%
18、 66% 65% 65% 64% 62% 60% 59% 59% 59% 58% 56% 54% 54% 53% 52% 50% 49% 49% 47% 43% 30%28% 23% 23% 23% 19% 24% 17% 21% 26% 26% 29% 28% 22% 28% 23% 27% 31% 24% 28% 25% 26% 29% 31% 36% 41% 33% 34% 47%Total Turkey Peru Chile Hungary India Serbia Saudi Arabia Malaysia South Africa Mexico Brazil Poland Arge
19、ntina Australia US Russia Great Britain Canada Sweden Spain Belgium South Korea China Italy France Germany JapanT123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disagree I think Im better at spotting fake news than the average person in COUNTRY.
20、11 Ipsos.60% 71% 70% 69% 68% 67% 66% 66% 65% 64% 64% 64% 64% 62% 62% 61% 60% 60% 58% 56% 55% 54% 53% 53% 50% 49% 49% 48%30% 25% 25% 27% 23% 26% 24% 30% 32% 25% 24% 33% 23% 26% 24% 35% 29% 31% 38% 30% 36% 27% 39% 37% 36% 44% 30% 44%Total Peru Serbia Turkey US Argentina Great Britain India Chile Austr
21、alia Hungary Mexico Poland Belgium Germany South Africa Canada Sweden Malaysia Spain Brazil France Russia South Korea Saudi Arabia China Japan ItalyBase: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disagree The average person in COUNTRY doesnt care about facts about politics and society anym
22、ore, they just believe what they want.T12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262712 Ipsos.T12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262759% 76% 75% 74% 72% 71% 68% 68% 67% 66% 66% 65% 64% 60% 58% 57% 57% 56% 55% 52% 51% 50% 50% 48% 48% 47% 42% 28%29% 20% 20% 22% 24% 24% 21% 25% 23% 23% 27% 25% 21
23、% 23% 27% 28% 24% 32% 33% 35% 35% 34% 36% 30% 34% 38% 38% 51%Total Turkey India Chile Peru Mexico China Malaysia Argentina Serbia South Africa Brazil Saudi Arabia Poland Great Britain Australia Spain Hungary US Sweden Canada Belgium Russia Germany South Korea Italy France JapanBase: 13,500 adults ac
24、ross 27 countries (500 GB)KEY:Agree Disagree I am confident I have a better understanding of social realities like immigration levels and crime rates than the average person in COUNTRY.FAKE NEWS EXPOSURE AND MEANINGFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 201814Fake news and media
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