大学英语听力教程第三册听力原文(第二版_张民伦主编).pdf
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1、大学英语听力教程第三册(第二版)听力原文UNIT1 Is the Earth Being Squeezed DryParti Getting readyB The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burningand tree removal.In September,satellite pictures showed more than20000 fires burning in the Amazon.Experts say most of these fireswere set by farmers.The farm
2、ers were attempting to clear land togrow crops.The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problemis that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down.The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgentinternational action to protect the worlds rain forests.The groupwarns
3、 that without such action some forests could be lost forever.2.Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week,for the UN spongsoredconference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Riosummit three years ago.With scientists and governments now generally r
4、eady to acceptthat the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases,over a hundred countries are sending delegations.But how much progress has beenmade implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio?Simon Daryreports.Part2 The earth at riskI:Brian
5、 Cowles is the producer of a new series ofdocumentaries called The Earth at Risk which can be seen on Channel 4 later thismonth.Each program deals with a different continent,doesnt it,Brian?B:Thats right.We went to America,both North and South and then we wentover to Africa and South-East Asia.I:And
6、 what did you find in each of these continents?B:Starting with Africa,our film shows the impact of the population on theenvironment.Generally speaking,this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand.Its a bitof a vicious circle we find.People cut down trees for firewood and their domesticanimals eat all
7、 the available plants and so consequently they have to move south asthe Sahara Desert expands further south.I mean,soon the whole of Mali will become adesert.And in East Africa:here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and theresult is,of course,theres no grass nothing for the animals to e
8、at.I:I see.And the next film deals with North America?B:Thats right.In the USA,as you know,intensive agriculture requires a plentifulsupply of rain for these crops to grow,I mean if there isnt enough rain the crops dontgrow.And growing crops stabilize soil,without them the top soil just blows away.T
9、hisis also true for any region that is intensely farmed most of Europe,for example.I:And what did you find in South America?B:In South America(as in Central Africa and Southern Asia)tropical forests arebeing cut down at an alarming rate.This is done so that people can support themselvesby growing fo
10、od or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europeor America as tinned meat.The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple ofharvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted.And it cant be fedwith fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For
11、 example,in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combinedwas destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine.Huge numbers of trees are being cutdown for exports as hardwood to Japan,Europe,USA to make things like luxuryfurniture.These forests cant be replaced the forest soil is
12、 thin and unproductive andin just a few years,a jungle has become a waste land.Tropical forests contain rare plants(which we can use for medicines,for example)and animals one animal or plantspecies becomes extinct every half hour.These forest trees also have worldwide effects.You know,they convert c
13、arbon dioxide into oxygen.The consequence of destroyingforests is not only that the climate of that region changes(because there is less rainfall)but this change affects the whole world.I mean,over half the worlds rain forest hasbeen cut down this century.Part3 section A I-InterviewerB-Brian CowlesI
14、:So,Brian,would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disastersare in fact man-made?B:Yes,by and large.I mean,obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes,but takeflooding,for example.Practically every year,the whole of Bangladesh is flooded andthis is getting worse.You know,the cause is t
15、hat forests have been cut down up in Nepaland India,I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas.Trees would hold rainfall in theirroots,but if theyve been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flowssraight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country.The reason for flooding inSuda
16、n is the same the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyedtoo.I:Well,this all sounds terribly depressing.Um.What is to be done?I mean,can anything be done,in fact?B:Yes,of course it can.First,the national governments have to beforward-looking and consider the results of their
17、policies in ten or twenty years,not justthink as far ahead as the next election.Somehow,all the countries in the world have towork together on an international basis.Secondly,the population has to be controlled insome way:there are too many people trying to live off too little land.Thirdly,we dontne
18、ed tropical hardwood to make our furniture its a luxury people in the West must dowithout.Softwoods are just as good,less expensive and can be produced onenvironment-friendly tree farms,where trees are replaced at the same rate that they arecut down.I:And,presumably,education is important as well.Pe
19、ople must be educated torealize the consequences of their actions?B:Yes,of course.I:Well,thank you,Brian.sectionB I-Interviewer B-Brian CowlesI:So,Brian,would you agree that what we generally think of as.er.as er.natural disasters are in fact man-made?B:Yes,by and large.er.I mean,obviously not hurri
20、canes or earthquakes,buttake flooding,for example.I mean,practically every year,the whole of Bangladesh isflooded and this is getting worse.You know,the cause is that forests have been cut downup in Nepal and India.I mean.higher up-river in the Himalayas.Trees.er.wouldhold rainfall in their roots,bu
21、t if theyve been cut down all the rain that falls in themonsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country.Thereason for flooding in Sudan is the same the forests higher up the Blue Nile inEthiopia have been destroyed too.Part4The world is warming up.We know this becaus
22、e average temperatures are thehighest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago.The increase is about0.2 every year.This may seem very slight,but we know that slight changes intemperature can have a big effect on other things.Most scientists now believe this globalwarming is due to human
23、 activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britains Climate Prediction Center.He explains howglobal warming can happen.Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up.At the same time heat leaves theearth,but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earthsatmosphere.That has been happening
24、 ever since the earth was formed.But the fear isthat increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transportand so on will lead to a greater warming of the earths surface.So thats the golbalwarming that people are concerned about.People are most concerned about the use of
25、 fossil fuels.Fossil fuels are oil,coal,wood and so on.When these bum,they produce the gas carbon dioxide.Manyscientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases inthe atmosphere will increase the amount of warming.Computers are being used topredict what this may
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