大学英语六级.pdf
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1、1990年 1月大学英语六级Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation ofproductive machinery.It reduces the human factors,mental and physical,in production,and isdesigned to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers.The developmentof automation in Ame
2、rican industry has been called the“Second Industrial Revolution”.Labours concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment,and fears of major changes in jobs.In the main,labour has taken the view that resistance totechnical change is unfruitful.Eventually,the result of
3、automation may well be an increase inemployment,since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing,maintaining,and repairing automation equipment.The interest of labour lies in bringing about thetransition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved.
4、Also,unionspokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possibleby automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages,more leisure,andimproved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation,unions have adopt
5、ed anumber of new policies.One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefitplans.It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financialinterest in preventing unemployment,he will have a strong drive for planning new installations soas to cause the
6、least possible problems in jobs and job assignment.Some unions are working fordismissal pay agreements,requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of moneybased on length of service.Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor”,which callsfor wage increases based on increase
7、s in productivity.It is possible,however,that labour will relymainly on reduction in working time.21.Though labour worries about the effect of automation,it does not doubt that.A)automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB)automation will help workers acquire new skillsC)automation will eventua
8、lly benefit the workers no less that the employersD)automation is a trend which cannot be stopped22.The idea of the Improvement factor(Line 6,Para.3)probably implies that.A)wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB)the benefit of increased production and lower costs should be shared by
9、 workersC)supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD)the transition to automation should be brought about with the minimum of inconvenienceand distress to workers23.In order to get the full benefits of automation,labour will depend mostly on.A)additional payment to the permanently
10、dismissed workersB)the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC)shorter working hours and more leisure timeD)a strong drive for planning new installations24.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A)Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B)Labour and the effect
11、s of automation.C)Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D)Social benefits of automation.The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation.All highschool graduates ought to go,says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence,because collegewill help them earn mor
12、e money,become“better people,and learn to be more responsiblecitizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone.And now that close to halfour high school graduates are attending,those who dont fit the pattern are becoming morenumerous,and more obvious.Coll
13、ege graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis;collegestudents interfere with each others experiments and write false letters of recommendation in theintense competition for admission to graduate school.Others find no stimulation in their studies,and drop out-often encouraged by college administr
14、ators.Some observers say the fault!Is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and theyare expecting too much.But thats a condemnation of the students as a whole,and doesnt explainall campus unhappiness.Others blame the state of the world,and they are partly right.Weve beentold that young p
15、eople have to go to college because our economy cant absorb an army ofuntrained eighteen-year-olds.But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorban army of trained twenty-two-year-olds,either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest thatcoll
16、ege may not be the best,the proper,the only place for every young person after the completionof high school.We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down,it seems,and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences.Perhaps college doesntmake people intellig
17、ent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learning people are merely the ones whohave been attracted to college in the first place.And perhaps all those successful college graduateswould have been successful whether they had gone to college or not.This is heresy(异端邪说)tothose of us who have been brought up t
18、o believe that if a little schooling is good,more has to bemuch better.But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.25.According to the passage,the author believes that.A)people used to question the value of college educationB)people used to have full confidence in higher educationC)all high schoo
19、l graduates went to collegeD)very few high school graduates chose to go to college26.In the 2nd paragraph,those who dont fit the pattem refers to.A)high school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB)college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC)college students who arent an
20、y better for their higher educationD)high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college27.The drop-out rate of college students seems to go up b e c a u s e.A)young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB)many young people are required to join the armyC)youn
21、g people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD)young people dont like the intense competition for admission to graduate school28.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact thatA)society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained colleg
22、e graduatesB)high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC)too many students have to earn their own livingD)college administrators encourage students to drop out29.In this passage the author argues that.A)more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing f
23、or highschool graduatesB)college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC)college education benefits only the intelligent,ambitious,and quick-learning peopleD)intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college30.The“surveys and statistics mentioned in the last paragraph mi
24、ght have shown thatA)college-educated people are more successful than non-college-educated peopleB)college education was not the first choice of intelligent peopleC)the less schooling a person has the better it is for himD)most people have sweet memories of college lifeOurs has become a society of e
25、mployees.A hundred years or so ago only one out of everyfive Americans at work was employed,i.e.,worked for somebody else.Today only one out of fiveis not employed but working for himself.And when fifty years ago“being employed meantworking as a factory labourer or as a farmhand,the employee of toda
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