研究生入学考试医学英语语法特征.pptx
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1、1.医学英语文献中常出现包含有许多附加成分的简单句和有许多从句的复合句;2.不可避免出现大量长句、难句。第1页/共78页Pulmonary circulation differs from the systemic circulation in that oxygen-poor blood is carried by the pulmonary arteries from the right ventricle to the alveoli so that gaseous exchange can occur and the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich
2、blood back to the left atrium so the heart can pump it throughout the body.第2页/共78页e.g.1Pulmonary circulation differs from the systemic circulation/in that oxygen-poor blood is carried by the pulmonary arteries from the right ventricle to the alveoli/so that gaseous exchange can occur/and the pulmon
3、ary veins carry oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium/so the heart can pump it throughout the body.第3页/共78页e.g.2When food is eaten it is broken down by the digestive system and the nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the intestines,which is then picked up by the blood vessels and carried
4、off to the cells requiring the nutrition with a pit stop through the liver for nutrient absorption and toxic cleansing.第4页/共78页e.g.2When food is eaten/it is broken down by the digestive system/and the nutrients are absorbed through the wall of the intestines,/which is then picked up by the blood ves
5、sels and carried off to the cells requiring the nutrition/with a pit stop through the liver for nutrient absorption and toxic cleansing.第5页/共78页方法:拆-合分析原文语法结构;弄清原文逻辑关系;组合原文表达含义。第6页/共78页医学英语语法特征之二 被动语态多被动语态多第7页/共78页原因:医学文献强调客观事实、研究方法、性能和特征;作者习惯于客观地看问题,并使用非人称(无生命第三人称)的语气作客观的描述。第8页/共78页1 The respirator
6、y system is divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.第9页/共78页 The respiratory system is divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.第10页/共78页2 The knee joint is basically designed in one plane about a transverse(side-to-side)axis.第11页/共78页
7、The knee joint is basically designed in one plane about a transverse(side-to-side)axis.第12页/共78页3 Before microscopy was applied to medical problems,observations were confined to those made with the unaided eyes.第13页/共78页 Before microscopy was applied to medical problems,observations were confined to
8、 those made with the unaided eyes.第14页/共78页方法:翻译时,尽量翻译成主动语态:能主动不被动。写作时,可以适当使用被动语态。第15页/共78页医学英语语法特征之三 无主语句子多无主语句子多第16页/共78页作者习惯使用非人称(无生命第三人称)的语气作客观的描述第17页/共78页 To prevent the AV valves from being pushed up into the atrium,the valves are fastened to muscular projections of the ventricular walls by fi
9、brous strands.第18页/共78页 To prevent the AV valves from being pushed up into the atrium,the valves are fastened to muscular projections(肌性突出物)of the ventricular walls by fibrous strands(纤维丝).第19页/共78页医学英语语法特征之四 分词多分词多第20页/共78页现在分词作状语过去分词作定语第21页/共78页1Dolly or any other animal created using nuclear tran
10、sfer technology is not truly an identical clone of the donor animal.第22页/共78页Dolly or any other animal created using nuclear transfer technology is not truly an identical clone of the donor animal.第23页/共78页2In response to the forces exerted on them,the musculoskeletal components experience physical
11、strain,and the greater the force,the greater the strain.第24页/共78页In response to the forces exerted on them,the musculoskeletal components experience physical strain,and the greater the force,the greater the strain.第25页/共78页3Forces produced by muscles and transmitted by joints are referred to as inte
12、rnal forces.第26页/共78页Forces produced by muscles and transmitted by joints are referred to as internal forces.第27页/共78页医学英语语法特征之五 定语多,定语长定语多,定语长第28页/共78页1The condition is characterized by symptoms that include coughing,wheezing and shortness of breath.第29页/共78页The condition is characterized by sympto
13、ms that include coughing,wheezing and shortness of breath.第30页/共78页2This means a well organized and efficient circulatory system is responsible for delivering life sustaining oxygen and nutrients to the cells which are incapable of fending for themselves.第31页/共78页This means a well organized and effi
14、cient circulatory system is responsible for delivering life sustaining oxygen and nutrients to the cells which are incapable of fending for themselves.第32页/共78页3 In conjunction with the respiratory system,red blood cells by the name of erythrocytes are responsible for the transportation of oxygen wh
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