论文开题报告 (52).doc
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1、毕业论文开题报告1.毕业论文题目背景、研究意义Transcendentalism was a movement which widely influenced the region of literary, religion and philosophy, started in 1820s at the United States and had lasted about 20 years. The movement was a reaction or protest fight for the general state of intellectualism and spirituality
2、. It was a production which came from the English and German Romanticism, and was also influenced by Indian religions, especially by the Upanishads. And then it became a continuous movement and sacred organization with the founding of the Transcendental Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on September
3、 8th, 1836, by famous New England intellectuals including George Putnam, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Frederic Henry Hedge. The core value of Transcendentalism is the intrinsic goodness of both people and nature. Transcendentalists believe that the society ultimately destroys the purity of the individua
4、l, and have a faith that people are at their best when truly “self-reliant” and independent. They believe that individuals are able to generate completely original insights with a little attention and obey to past masters as they can.When it came quickly about the growth of American capitalism, peop
5、le started to use a great amount of natural resources which in order to develop the science and technology of country and therefore improved the social productive forces. Meanwhile, the advance of the industrial revolution, the living standards of American had been largely upgraded. And the consumpt
6、ion can not meet the needs of people who wanted to get more. With the great consuming of natural resources for more profits, the capitalists held the idea that the natural resources in American were inexhaustible. In the turning of the 19th century that owned the background of the great success of A
7、merican economic, the concept of nature was correlated with exploiting resources, earning money and doing trade, while the transcendentalists held a different idea of nature that was shown in Emersons Nature(1836).Transcendentalists own view of nature in a unique style. In the eyes of transcendental
8、ist, nature is not only the star, flower, tree, bird and animal, or river, Sea, lake, and all that means beauty, but also a reverence and respect for nature. They can see the existence of Spirit or God from nature and gain the power of nature. Therefore, nature plays a healthy and restorative role o
9、n the human mind.In Emersons essay Nature, he divides the usage of nature for human beings into four kinds: commodity, beauty, language and discipline, which are shown in life and respectively the topic of four parts. Nature provides fundamental needs for man; nature satisfies mans wish for happy; m
10、an communicates with others through nature and gets his own comprehension about world via nature.Emerson is immersed in the simple natural scenes of life; he has an intensive consciousness of nature as a constant revelation of spirit instead of ordinary events. As he says in his Nature:Standing on t
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