2005年考研英语一真题答案解析参照.pdf
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1、2005年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-高清版Section IDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to beinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,because,2perceiving those smells w
2、hich float through the air,which stick to surfaces.In fact,are85donotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableofto far below one part in one million.9others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be10smell741thisis largely3tothe majority of smells6weanimals,we stand upright.This means that
3、 our noses are,we are extremely sensitive to smells,Use of Englishhumansmells even when theseStrangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but notanother,because some people do not have the genes necessary to generatesendenough.The explanation for insensitivityto smell seems to b
4、e that the brain findsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan161715newreceptors ifnecessary.This mayhouse,but we18explain why we are not usually sensitiveto our ownof the usual smell of our own20the11receptorsin the nose.These receptorsare the cells which sense smells andto the brain.Howe
5、ver,it has been found that even people insensitive to12can suddenly become sensitive to it when13to it oftena certain smellsmells we simplydo notneedto be.Wearenotbest to keep smell receptors19new smells when we visit someone elses.The brain finds itfor unfamiliarand emergencysignalssmell of smoke,w
6、hich might indicate the danger of fire.1.A although2.A above3.A limited4.A catchingB asB unlikeB committedB ignoring英语试题.1.C butC excludingC dedicatedC missing(共 14 页)D whileD besidesD confinedD tracking5.A anyway6.A even if7.A distinguishing8.A diluted9.A when10.A unusual11.A signs12.A at first13.A
7、 subjected14.A ineffective15.A introduce16.A still17.A sure18.A tolerate19.A available20.A similar toB thoughB if onlyB discoveringB dissolvedB sinceB particularB stimuliB at allB leftB incompetentB summonB alsoB sickB repelB reliableB such asC insteadC only ifC determiningC dispersedC forC uniqueC
8、messagesC at largeC drawnC inefficientC triggerC otherwiseC awareC neglectC identifiableC along withD thereforeD as ifD detectingD diffusedD whereasD typicalD impulsesD at timesD exposedD insufficientD createD neverthelessD tiredD noticeD suitableD aside fromSection IIPartPartA ADirections:Direction
9、s:Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语试题.2.(共 14 页)TextText1 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yetpleasure at your own can vanish if you learnthat a colleague has been given a bi
10、gger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation forslacking,you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finelydeveloped sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal ofEmory Universi
11、ty in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.Theylook cute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their foodreadily.Above all,like their female huma
12、n counterparts,they tend to pay much closerattention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnans and Dr.deWaals study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchangetokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy
13、enough to exchange pieces ofrock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate butadjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in returnfor its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and m
14、uch preferable tocucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,thesecond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if onereceived a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the othereither tossed her own token at the researcher
15、or out of the chamber,or refused toaccept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the otherchamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in afemale capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided bysocial emotions.In the
16、 wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Suchco-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to
17、othermembers of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolvedindependently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the commonancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.英语试题.3.(共 14 页)21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his
18、topic byA posing a contrast.B justifying an assumption.C making a comparison.D explaining a phenomenon.22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph l)implies thatA monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B resenting unfairness is also monkeysnature.C monkeys,like humans,tend to be je
19、alous of each other.D no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probablybecause they areA more inclined to weigh what they get.B attentive to researchersinstructions.C nice in both appearance and temperament.D more generous t
20、han their male companions.24.Dr.Brosnanand Dr.de Waalhave eventuallyfoundin their studythat the monkeysA prefer grapes to cucumbers.B can be taught to exchange things.C will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D are unhappy when separated from others.25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A
21、 Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.CAnimals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.英语试题.4.(共 14 页)TextText2 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argue
22、d that smoking would killus but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure?That the evidence wasinconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroyour way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americansbought that nonsense,and over three de
23、cades,some 10 million smokers went to earlygraves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try toawaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from theNational Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earthsatmo
24、sphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.Theclear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of theNational Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panelsreport:“Science never has all the answers.But science does prov
25、ide us with the bestavailable guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world baseimportant policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning thefuture consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that thescien
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