2023年定语从句语法例句全解.pdf
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1、精品资料 欢迎下载 定语从句 一、概述 在复合句(有主句有从句的句子)中,修饰某一名词或代词,用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。关系代词 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词 定语从句 被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。关系代词和关系副词的作用:连接作用 指代先行词 在句子中充当一定成分 引导定语从句的关联词有:关系代词 who、whom、whose、which、that、as 关系副词 when、where、why 关系代词作主语 指人 who t
2、hat 不可省 指物 which that 关系代词作宾语 whom 指人 that who(口语)可省 指物 which that 关系代词作定语 Whose 指人 指物 A plane is a machine(that、which)can fly.飞机是会飞的机器。(引导词 that、which 在句中作主语)The foreigner(who、that)visited our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天到我班来访的外国精品资料 欢迎下载 人来自加拿大。(引导词 who、that 在句中作主语)They planted the trees(whic
3、h、that)didnt need much water.他们种植了需水不多的树木。(引导词 which、that 在句中作主语)The noodles(that、which、)I cooked were delicious.我煮的面条美味可口。(引导词 that、which 可省略 作宾语)The fish(which、that、)we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(引导词作宾语)The girl(that、whom、who 口语、)we saw yesterday was Jim s sister.我们昨天看到的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。(引导词作宾语)特殊请况:
4、人+介词+whom 不可省,不可用 that 物+介词+which The person to(whom)you just talked is Mr.Li.刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生。(引导词 whom,不可省略)The person t(whom、that、who、)you just talked to is Mr.Li.The knife with which we cut the bread is sharp.我们用来切面包用的刀子很锋利。The knife (which、that、)we cut the bread with is sharp.指人 Whom that who(口语)+
5、介词(可省)指物 which that 题:She was educated at Beijing university,_she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A.after which B.from which C.from that D.after that 做题技巧:把现行词带到定语从句中变成一完整合理的句子,答案就出来了。Whose+n 物=t he+n+of which Of which+the+n 人=the+n+of whom Of whom+the+n The room whose windows face south i
6、s mine.the windows of which face south is mine.of which the windows face south is mine.的作用连接作用指代先行词在句子中充当一定成分引导定语从句的关联到我班来访的外国精品资料欢迎下载人来自加拿大引导词在句中作主语姐引导词作宾语特殊请况不可省不可用人介词物介词刚才你与其交谈的精品资料 欢迎下载 He is a teacher whose name is Tom.the name of whom is Tom of whom the name is Tom.只用 that,不用 which 的情况(先行词指物除
7、5、6 条)当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little 等不定代词时(something 之后也可用which)。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不光是金子。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;或现行词本身就是形容词最高级或序数词时。This wa
8、s one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有 the very,the only,the right 等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。Those are the veryright words that he used.那就是他的原话。This
9、 is the best that I have.这是我所拥有的最好的。当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来,聊了约半个钟头。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not th
10、e country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。He is not the boy that he used to be.他已经不再是以前的那个男孩了。当要避免与疑问词 which,who 重复时。Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?Who is the man that is standing by the door?站在门口的那个人是谁?在 there be 句型中,先行词为物时用 that There is a book on the desk that I m very interested in
11、.桌子上放着一本我感兴趣的书。(若指人用 who eg.There is lived a king in the castle who was very wise.)This is the first time that There be 不定代词序数词,的作用连接作用指代先行词在句子中充当一定成分引导定语从句的关联到我班来访的外国精品资料欢迎下载人来自加拿大引导词在句中作主语姐引导词作宾语特殊请况不可省不可用人介词物介词刚才你与其交谈的精品资料 欢迎下载 The very,the only,the right;即有人又有物,作表语 which who.(3)用 which,不用 that 的
12、情况(先行词指物)引导非限制性定语从句。(which 在限制性定语从句中可以指代一个或一些物,在非限制性定语从句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整个主句。)Football,which is an interesting game,is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球,它是一项有趣的运动。Carol said the work would be done by October,which personally I doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做,对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly
13、of her role in the play,which,of course,made the others unhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色,这当然使别人不高兴。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具,没有它,人们便无法交流。先行词本身是 that 或 those 时。ThatThose which you told him about is are what I want to know.你告
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