外贸函电之Module 12+13.ppt
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1、Business EnglishVocabularyListeningSpeakingDifferentwaysofworkingAmini-presentation1.1Ways1.1WaysofworkingofworkingReadingHowtojob-shareWorkingfromhome1.1Waysofworking相关背景知识相关背景知识v为了降低员工在工作、家庭、休闲或教育方面不同为了降低员工在工作、家庭、休闲或教育方面不同要求的冲突,减少交通费用,兼顾工作和生活,使要求的冲突,减少交通费用,兼顾工作和生活,使员工更加安心工作,降低员工流动率,同时也为了员工更加安心工作,降
2、低员工流动率,同时也为了更好地利用办公设备,提供更好地利用办公设备,提供24小时服务,许多公司小时服务,许多公司釆用了灵活多样的弹性工作方式。其中主要有以下釆用了灵活多样的弹性工作方式。其中主要有以下几类:几类:v弹性工作地点(弹性工作地点(flexiplace),指员工通过电脑网络指员工通过电脑网络和其他通讯方法在家工作和其他通讯方法在家工作(homeworking)员工员工可节省往返公司的时间,但此方法只适用于某些动可节省往返公司的时间,但此方法只适用于某些动脑和脑和IT专业的员工,例如文字秘书、软件编程员、专业的员工,例如文字秘书、软件编程员、报刊编辑、作家等。报刊编辑、作家等。v弹性工
3、作时间(弹性工作时间(flexitime),亦作,亦作flexibleworkinghours,就是将员工工作时间分为核就是将员工工作时间分为核心时间和弹性时间。核心时间(例如早上心时间和弹性时间。核心时间(例如早上10点到点到12点,下午点,下午2点到点到4点)为员工必须工作时间,点)为员工必须工作时间,其余时间定为弹性时间,即员工自己选择的工作其余时间定为弹性时间,即员工自己选择的工作时间,时间,这样员工可灵活决定上下班时间。员工每这样员工可灵活决定上下班时间。员工每天工作时间相同(例如每天天工作时间相同(例如每天8小时),但实际到小时),但实际到公司上班的时间每天不同。公司上班的时间每天
4、不同。v压缩工作周(压缩工作周(compressedworkweeks),就是就是以每天较长工作时间的工作日,换取每周较少的工以每天较长工作时间的工作日,换取每周较少的工作日。例如员工每周需要工作作日。例如员工每周需要工作40小时,在压缩工作小时,在压缩工作周安排下,周安排下,员工不一定要工作员工不一定要工作5天,每天天,每天8小时,他小时,他们可选择每天工作们可选择每天工作10小时,每周工作小时,每周工作4天。天。v长期兼职(长期兼职(permanentpart-time),即雇用一即雇用一些不愿全天候完整时间工作,而仅利用部分时间些不愿全天候完整时间工作,而仅利用部分时间工作的员工,其工作
5、时间虽不是整天整周,工作工作的员工,其工作时间虽不是整天整周,工作时间却定期不变(例如某私人企业定期雇用会计时间却定期不变(例如某私人企业定期雇用会计师在每个工作日下班后为其处理财务账目)。师在每个工作日下班后为其处理财务账目)。v分担工作(分担工作(job-sharing),即一份全职工作由两即一份全职工作由两人分担,两人均为长期兼职员工,按需要分摊工人分担,两人均为长期兼职员工,按需要分摊工作时间、工资、假期及福利。作时间、工资、假期及福利。regularhoursregjul正常工作时间正常工作时间flexiblehoursfleksbl弹性工作时间弹性工作时间freelancefri:
6、l:ns自由职业自由职业job-share分担工作分担工作shift-work轮班工作,倒班制轮班工作,倒班制part-time兼职兼职teleworkingteliw:ki电子化办公方电子化办公方式,电子办公式,电子办公Vocabularytemping当临时工当临时工specialistadvicespelist专业咨询专业咨询hot-desking办公桌轮用办公桌轮用officegossipgsip办公室小道消办公室小道消息息consultancyknsltnsi咨询公司,咨询公司,顾问公司顾问公司Vocabulary2.Matchthesewaysofworking1-8todefin
7、itionsA-I.Doyouworkinanyoftheseways?0freelance1teleworking2job-sharing3shift-work4part-time5temping6consultancy7flexitime8hot-deskingAYouworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(eg.nights).BYousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.CYouworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcont
8、ract.DYouworkanumberofhoursperweekormonthbutyoudecidewhenyoustartorfinish.EYoudonthaveapermanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyouarrive.FYouworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail,phoneortheInternet.GYouonlyworkforsomeoftheweek(notfull-time).HYoudoyourjobforpartoftheweekandanotherpersondoe
9、sitfortheotherpart.IYouarentemployedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.3.Matchtheninewaysofworkinginexercise2totheircomments.vItsgreatbecauseImmyownboss,butIstillworkwithlotsofdifferentpeople.freelance;temping;consultancyvIwishIhadmyownspace.Ihavetocarryeverythingaroundinmybagandsometimesth
10、eresnowheretosit.vhot-deskingvIlikeitbecauseitsonlyforacoupleofmonthsandImsavinguptogoroundtheworld.vtempingvTheonlyproblemissleeping.Yourbodyneverknowsifitsnightorday!vshift-workvItcangetabitlonelyattimes.AndImissmycolleaguesandalltheofficegossip.vteleworkingvMychildrenareatschoolsoitletsmespendmor
11、etimewiththem.vpart-time;teleworkingvWhenoneofuswantsaweekoff,theotherpersondoesafewextradayssoitsfairlyflexible.vjob-sharingReadingcreditkrdtn.赞扬,功劳managingdirectorn.总裁,总经理(美国也称chiefexecutiveorpresident)brainpowern.智能worst-caseadj.做最坏打算的scenariossina:riun.事态,局面delegatedlgtvt.授权,分派工作availability,vel
12、bltn.利用(或获得)可利用(或获得)可能性,可以利用的人(物),人员,物资保证能性,可以利用的人(物),人员,物资保证parentalleaveprentl父母假,育儿假,照顾新生儿女假4.Readaboutjob-sharing.Writetheseheadingsintoeachparagraph.GetorganizedSetyourlimitsPutpentopaperTwobecomeoneOpenyourmindPlanfordisasterFindtheperfectpartnerDontfeelguiltyHowtojob-shareWouldntitbeniceifthe
13、workingweekfinishedonWednesday?Withajob-shareitcan.Herestheessentialguidetomakingitwork.(0)Find the perfect partner.Findsomeoneyoulike.Bepreparedtocommunicateandsharecreditandblame,saysCarolSavage,themanagingdirectorofFlexecutive,aflexibleworkingconsultancy.(1)_Bossesshouldconsiderrequestsforflexibl
14、eworkingfromemployeeswithchildrenundersix.Soembracethebenefits:Twiceasmuchexperience,skills,brainpowerandenergy,Savagesays.(2)_Alwaysdiscusstheworst-casescenarios.WhenMargaretMills,ateacher,lostherjob-sharepartnerbecauseofafamilyillness,areturntofull-timeworkseemedinevitable.Wehadbeenover-optimistic
15、.Ididmanagetofindsomeoneelsewhofittedinwithme,butIwasverylucky.ReadingOpen your mindOpen your mindPlan for disasterPlan for disaster(3)_Planthesystemforhandingworkovercarefullyandplaytoeachothersdifferentstrengths.Delegatetheworkloadaccordingtoeachothersparticularskillsandqualities.(4)_Managershould
16、clarifywhattheyexpectintermsofhours,availabilityandresults,andemployeesshouldmanagetheiremployersexpectations.SueOsborn,ajob-sharerfor21years,says,Wereoftenaskedtodofive-dayweeks.Eventuallyyoujusthavetosayno.(5)_Agreeinwritingarrangementsforholidays,parentalleave,retirement,etc.everyoneshouldknowwhe
17、retheystandfromthebeginning.(6)_Donotworkuntil1amathometomakeupfornotbeingintheofficeeveryday.(7)_Clientsmaynotlikehavingtodealwithtwopeopleworkingcloselytogether.AsSavagesays:Ajob-shareshouldbelikeamarriage-onevoice,oneunit.BACKGetorganizedGetorganizedSetyourlimitsSetyourlimitsPutpentopaperPutpento
18、paperDontfeelguiltyDontfeelguiltyTwobecomeoneTwobecomeoneListening1.YouwillhearawomancalledMichelatalkingaboutworkingfromhome.1)Whatdoesshesayisimportantwhenworkingfromhome?2)Whatdoesshethinkaresomeoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthiswayofworking?Haveatimetableandsticktoit.Advantages:-youspendmoret
19、imewiththechildren-moreflexibility-thecompanysavesmoneyonofficespace-nocommutingDisadvantages:-sometimesyouworkintheevening-youmisspeopleandofficenews2Listenagainandanswerthefollowing.1)CompletethenotesaboutMichelastypicalday.7:00 7:00 get up,get the kids readyget up,get the kids ready8:30 8:30 9:00
20、 9:00 12:00 12:00 14:30 14:30 takekidstoschoolstartworkhavelunchfinishwork2)Howlonghasshebeenwithhercurrentemployer?Howlonghasshebeenhome-working?Shesbeenwithhercurrentemployersincesheleftschool,butshesbeenhome-workingforfiveyears.3)Isshedoinganythingdifferentfromnormalthisweek?Shesgoingtotheofficee
21、verydaytomeetvisitors.BACK Listening scriptI=InterviewerM=MichelaI:OK,Michela.Youworkfromhomenow.Canyoutellmeaboutatypicalday?M:Sure,IalwaysgetuparoundsevenandthefirstthingIdoisgetthekidsreadyforschool.ItakethemateightthirtyandthenIalwaysstartworkatnine.I:Doyoueverhaveadaywhereyoudecidetohavethemorn
22、ingoffandstartworklater?M:No,youcantdothat.Itsimportantwithhome-workingtohaveatimetableandsticktoit.IfyouendupwatchingTVordoingthecleaningthenitisntforyou.SoIhavelunchattwelveandfinishworkattwothirtytogetthechildren.I:Wasthatwhyyougaveupyouofficejob?M:Yes,Iwantedtospendmoretimewiththechildren.Itgive
23、smemoreflexibility.SometimesIneedtoworkintheeveningbutusuallyitisntaproblem.I:Sohowlonghaveyoubeendoingthiskindofwork?M:Foraboutfiveyears.IvebeenwiththesamecompanysinceIleftschool,butwiththeInternetandtechnologyitseasynowtobeathome.I:Soyouremployerdoesntmind.M:No.Itmeansthecompanysavesmoneyonoffices
24、paceandaslongasIgettheworkdone,theyrehappy.SometimesIstillgointoworktomeetclientsandsoon.Forexample,ImgoinginnearlyeverydaythisweekbecausewehavevisitorsfromanothercompanyandIcantreallyinvitethemovertomyhouse.Besides,itsnicetogoineverysooften.Iliketoseepeopleandcatchuponthegossipandthenewswithmycolle
25、agues.Imissthatsideofgoingintoworkeveryday.I:Isthereanythingelseyoumiss?M:Ermm.No,notreally.AndIlltellyouwhatIreallydontmissandthatshavingtospendtwohourscommutingonthebusandtraineverydayGrammar:presenttensesvpresentcontinuous现在进行时现在进行时vpresentperfectcontinuous现在完成进行时现在完成进行时vpresentsimple一般现在时一般现在时vp
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