高中英语高考复习介词知识汇总(共四个方面).doc
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1、高考英语介词知识汇总一、介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。合成介词由两个介词构成的合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, t
2、ill after, in between等等。分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就而论), including,regarding,concerning等。兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。二、介词短语的语法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能例句作定语They didnt find the solutionto the problem.作状语We have breakfastat sev
3、en.(表时间)They were late for the meetingbecause of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you meanby doing such a thing?(表方法)Nothing in the world could livewithout air or water.(表条件)作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were notat home.作宾语补足语I found the old buildingin a bad condition.三、表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别
4、表示的概念介词(短语)区 别例 子时间inonatat在一个时间点上;in在一段时间之内;on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。at 8 oclock, at noonin the 1990s, in Januaryon Monday, on a warm morningsincefromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercises from today.in,afterin指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可以指
5、一段时间之内=within;after表示某一具体时间点之后,用于一般过去时。Well be back in three days.After seven the rain began to fall.in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在末梢”,“到尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在结束时”,“到末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place
6、 of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.位置betweenamong一般说来,between表示两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上之间。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his clas
7、smates.注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,要用between。Agreements were made between the different countries.The little valley lies between highmountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.inontoin表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某范围之外。Changchun is in the
8、northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。There is a book on the piece of paper.There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked int
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