2022年考研外语考试真题及答案62.docx
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1、2022年考研外语考试真题及答案一、Use of English1、Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious Bl to how they can be best B2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and B3 , but not just in ways that emphasize comp
2、etition. B4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the B5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are B6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle,
3、 is already filled with so much competition that it would be B7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, B8 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, B9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs, A variety of small clubs can provide BIO oppor
4、tunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful Bll dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the B12 of some kind of organization withindependent voice.The emergence of the Net has .A.received support from fans like DonovanB. remolded th
5、e intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a professionDonovans story is mentioned in the text to.A. introduce the topic of online spyingB. show how he fought for the U. SC. give an episode of the information warD. honor his unique services to the CIAThe phrase making
6、the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means.A. causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC. achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularityIt can be learned from paragraph 4 that .A. Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB.Straitford guar
7、antees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictabilityD. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable informationStraitford is most proud of its .A. official statusB. nonconformist imageC. efficient staffD. military background2、 To paraphrase 18th-cent
8、ury statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing”. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have tights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal t
9、ights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care re search. Hearing alle
10、gations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm ananimal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers net to use anything that comes from or is
11、 tested in animals一no meat, no fur, no medicines. Ask if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she re plied, “Then I would have to say yes. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, Dont worry, scientists will fi
12、nd some way of using computers77. Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way一in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a
13、grandmother s hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal re search seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be
14、done. Scientists could adopt middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quickto respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that labo
15、ratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal re search, but all wh
16、o receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words toA. call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause o
17、f animal rightsC. warn of the doom of biomedical researchD. show the triumph of the animal rights movementMisled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .A. cruel but naturalB. inhuman and unacceptableC. inevitable but viciousD. pointless and wastefulThe example of the grandmotherly
18、 woman is used to show the publics .A. discontent with animal researchB. ignorance about medical scienceC. indifference to epidemicsD. anxiety about animal rightsThe author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should.A. communicate more with the publicB. e
19、mploy hi-tech means in researchC. feel no shame for their causeD. strive to develop new curesFrom the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .A. a well-known humanistB. a medical practitionerC. an enthusiast in animal rightsD. a supporter of animal research11、In recent years, railroads have been combi
20、ning with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ten-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well ove
21、r 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carders.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers comp
22、lain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typic
23、ally charge such captive shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who fed they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, timeco
24、nsuming, and will work only in truly extreme eases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks o
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