第01讲 名词 (测试)--2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(解析版).docx
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1、专题01 名词(词类)(测试)时间 :45分钟 满分:50分姓名_ 得分_一、单项选择(每题1分,共15分)1(2022新高考I高考真题完形填空)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our _ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Aideas BjokesCmemoriesDdiscoveries【答案】C【解析】考查
2、名词词义辨析。句意:我们的一些记忆很有趣,尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法;B. jokes笑话;C. memories记忆;D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可知,作者在讲述以前一些经历,这些经历回想起来很有趣,因此作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C项。2 (2022年新高考II卷)T
3、he couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowners _ . AbudgetBabilitiesCexpectationsDunderstanding【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高,他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算;B. abilities能力;C. expectations期待;D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高,是因为
4、他们总是超出房主的预期,所以成功率才高。故选C。3.(2021天津高考真题)Great improvements in public health have been brought about by _ in medical science.AtraditionsBadvancesCpressuresDexamples【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public heal
5、th have been brought about”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选B。4(2019天津高考真题)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _ on our lives in many ways.Astatement Bimpact Cimpression Djudgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明;B. impact影响,效果;C
6、. impression印象;D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。5(2022浙江高考真题完形填空)His trust in me is absolute which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of _ .Arelief Bsatisfaction Cachievement Dresponsibility【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对我的信任是绝对的,这是一种很好的感觉,但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰;B. satisfaction满意;C.
7、 achievement成就;D. responsibility责任。结合语境,此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任,即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。6.(2019江苏高考真题)Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.ApriorityBpotentialCproportionDpension【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. propor
8、tion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A符合语境。7.(2020江苏高考真题)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.AreservationBtransformationCdistinctionDsubmission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The he
9、alth security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。8.(2018江苏高考真题)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.AassignmentBassociationCacquisitionDassumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配;B. association协会,社团;C. acquisition获得物;D. assump
10、tion假设。故选D。9.(2018天津高考真题)Can we stop the _ of the worlds deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?AlossBheatCspreadDdefence【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延,拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A. loss丢失;B. heat热量;C. spread蔓延;D. defence 防御。由“the worlds deserts and save the land”可知,spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。10.(2014
11、湖北高考真题)Her_ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.AmotivationBqualificationCtalentDtechnique【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利。A. motivation动力,激励;B. qualification 资格;C .talent才能,天赋;D. technique 技巧。故根据a desire for women to get the right to higher education.可知,
12、她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利。故选A。11(2013天津高考真题)While she was in Paris, she developed a _ for fine art.AwayBrelationCtasteDhabit【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她在巴黎期间,培养了对艺术的鉴赏力。A.way方法,道路;B. relation关系;C. taste品尝,鉴赏力;D. habit习惯。develop a taste for“培养对的鉴赏力”。故选C。12.(2023广东省梅州市模拟预测)After accepting his gift, Beths manner
13、towards him has changed.An. 餐桌礼仪Bn. 态度Cn. 方式;方法Dn. 礼貌;礼仪【答案】B【详解】考查名词。句意:接受他的礼物后,贝丝对他的态度发生了变化。根据句意可知,划线单词manner为名词,表示“态度”。故选B。13. The computer system crashed and I lostof work.Athree hours worthBthree hours worthCthree hours worthyDthree hours worthy【答案】B【详解】考查名词所有格及名词词义辨析。句意:计算机系统崩溃了,我损失了三小时的工作价值。首
14、先,以s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾只加, three hours(三小时)为以s结尾的复数名词,故所有格形式为three hours(三小时的)。其次根据句意three hours后应接名词,表示“三个小时的工作价值”,worth作名词意为“价值”,worthy作名词意为“知名人士”,根据句意应用worth。故选B项。14. (2023天津模拟预测) A much better way must be found to achieve an equal_of the resources.A. distribution B.contribution C.catalogue D.separati
15、on【答案】A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:必须找到一个更好的办法来平均分配资源。A. distribution分配;B. contribution贡献;C. catalogue目录(簿);D. separation分离,分开。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查名词distribution,意为“分配,分发”。故选A。15. (2022郑州外国语模拟预测) Will it suit your _ that we meet at 7.00 oclock this evening?A satisfactionBappointmentCdelightDconvenience【答案】D【详解】考查名词
16、词义辨析。句意:我们今晚7点见面,你看方便吗?A.satisfaction 满意;B.appointment 约会, 预约,约定;C.delight 高兴;D.convenience 方便。分析可知,名词convenience符合句意,作动词suit 的宾语。故选D项。二、用单词的适当形式完成句子(每题1分,共25分)16I dont know what has happened to them. Why are they still fighting for _(survive)? 【答案】survival【详解】考查名词。句意:我不知道他们发生了什么事。为什么他们还在为生存而战?作介词的宾
17、语,应用名词,为不可数名词。故填survival。 17 My_(recommend) is that you should take over his position. 【答案】recommendation【详解】考查名词。句意:我建议你接替他的职位。作主语,应用名词recommendation,根据is可知为单数。故填recommendation。18 Can you give a _(describe) of your hometown? 【答案】description【详解】考查名词。句意:你能描述一下你的家乡吗?分析句子可知,空处作give的宾语,被冠词a限定,应用describe
18、的名词形式description,意为“描述”。故填description。19 She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the _(evolve) of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.【答案】evolution【详解】考查名词。句意:她想知道,几个世纪的潜水是否可能导致身体特征的进化,从而使这项任务对它们来说更容易。此处应用名词evolution作宾语,表示“进化”,为不可数名词,故填evolution。20.At a _ (tailo
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