外刊英语【Week10 周一】精读讲义 20240304 英伟达芯片何以称霸人工智能市场?.pdf
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1、 新英文外刊 2024-3-4 1/11 经济学人双语 英伟达芯片何以称霸人工智能市场?Week10 周一 字数 595 words 难度系数 全文导读 一个晚上,英伟达市值暴涨 2600 亿美元,逼近人民币 2 万亿。作为英伟达的掌门人,黄仁勋的身价也飙涨到 694 亿美元,成为新一代华人首富。为什么英伟达会被誉为 AI 产业的基石?英伟达芯片又有何厉害之处呢?重难点讲义&全文翻译 Why do Nvidias chips dominate the AI market?英伟达芯片何以称霸人工智能市场?The firm has three big advantages 揭秘该公司的三大优势 N
2、vidia 英伟达,成立于 1993 年,是一家美国跨国科技公司,由黄仁勋、克里斯马拉科夫斯基和柯蒂斯普里姆共同创立,致力于开发CPU、DPU、GPU 和 AI 软件。2024 年 2 月,NVIDIA市值达到 1.83 万亿美元,超越谷歌母公司Alphabet,市值仅次于微软和苹果,成为美股市值第四大公司。dominate /dmnet/v.to control or have a lot of influence over sb/sth,especially in an unpleasant way 支配;控制;左右;影响 He 扫码听音频 新英文外刊 2024-3-4 2/11 Para
3、.1 tended to dominate the conversation.他往往左右着交谈的内容。No other firm has benefited from the boom in artificial intelligence(AI)as much as Nvidia.Since January 2023 the chipmakers share price has surged by almost 450%.With the total value of its shares approaching$2trn,Nvidia is now Americas third-most v
4、aluable firm,behind Microsoft and Apple.Its revenues for the most recent quarter were$22bn,up from$6bn in the same period last year.Most analysts expect that Nvidia,which controls more than 95%of the market for specialist AI chips,will continue to grow at a blistering pace for the foreseeable future
5、.What makes its chips so special?share /e(r)/n.one of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided股,股份 They were able to sell their shares at a higher price.他们把自己的股票卖了个较高的价钱。surge /srd/v.(of prices,profits,etc.物价、利润等)to suddenly increase in value 急剧上升;飞涨;激增 Share prices surged.股价
6、猛涨。specialist /spelst/adj.designed or developed for a particular purpose or area of knowledge 专用的;专业的;专门的 specialist magazines 专业杂志 SYN specialized blistering /blstr/adj.extremely fast,forceful,or impressive 飞快的,有力的,激动人心的 The runners set off at a blistering pace.赛跑运动员如脱缰野马般起跑了。for/in the foreseeable
7、 future for as long as it is possible to know what is likely to happen 在可预见的将来 The situation is likely to continue for the foreseeable future.这种局面在可预见的将来可能还会持续下去。英伟达成为人工智能浪潮的最大受益者。自 2023 年 1 月以来,该公司股价飙升近 450%。随着总市值逼近 2 万亿美元,英伟达成功跃升为美国第三大市值公司,仅次于微软和苹果。该公司第四季度营收高达 220 亿美元,而去年同期为 60 亿美元。分析师普遍预测,占据了 95%
8、以上人工智能芯片市场份额的英伟达,在可预见的未来里将继续保持惊人的增长势头。英伟达的芯片究竟有何特殊之处?新英文外刊 2024-3-4 3/11 Para.2 Nvidias AI chips,also known as graphics processor units(GPUs)or“accelerators”,were initially designed for video games.They use parallel processing,breaking each computation into smaller chunks,then distributing them amon
9、g multiple“cores”the brains of the processorin the chip.This means that a GPU can run calculations far faster than it would if it completed tasks sequentially.This approach is ideal for gaming:lifelike graphics require countless pixels to be rendered simultaneously on the screen.Nvidia s high-perfor
10、mance chips now account for four-fifths of gaming GPUs.graphics processor units(GPUs)图形处理器,是一种在个人电脑、工作站、游戏机和移动设备(如平板电脑、智能手机等)上进行图像和图形相关运算工作的微处理器。process /prses/v.to deal with information using a computer(计算机)处理(数据)The new network will enable data to be processed more speedily.新网络将使数据得以更快处理。processor
11、 n.a part of a computer that controls all the other parts of the system 处理器;处理机 computation n.the process of calculating or the result of calculating 计算;计算的结果 the computation of the monthly statistics 每月统计数字的计算 SYN calculation core /kr/n.the most important part of CPU(计算机)内核,是 CPU 最重要的部分 run /rn/v.i
12、f a computer program runs,it operates(程序)运行 The software will run on any PC.这个软件可在任何一台个人电脑上运行。sequential/skwenl/adj.relating to or happening in a sequence 连续的;相继的;顺序的;序列的 sequentially adv.循序地 lifelike /laflak/adj.a lifelike picture,model etc looks exactly like a real person or thing 图画、模型等生动的,逼真的 a
13、very lifelike statue 一尊栩栩如生的塑像 pixel /pksl/n.any of the small individual areas on a computer screen,which together form the whole display 像素(组成屏幕图像的最小独立元素)Pixel are the dots that make up the picture on a display screen.像素就是组成屏幕上的画面的一系列点。render /rendr/v.to express or present something in a particular
14、 way(以某种方式)表达;表现 Infrared film renders blue skies a deep black.红外线胶片将蓝色的天空拍成深黑色。【render 也是计算机图形学中的一个概念,译为“渲染”,是指将计算机生成的 3D 场景或模型转化为最终图像或动画的过程。在渲染过程中,计算机会模拟光照、阴影、材质、纹理等视觉效果,并将其应用到场景或模型上,以生成逼真的图像或动画。渲染的目的是为了呈现出最终的视觉效果,使场景或模型看起来栩栩如生。】simultaneously /sam()ltenisli/adv.at the same time 同时地 The game will
15、be broadcast simultaneously on TV and radio.比赛 新英文外刊 2024-3-4 4/11 para.3 将同时在电视和广播中进行转播。performance n.how well a car or other machine works 汽车或机器的 性能 an imaging system using high-performance(=very effective)technology 运用高性能技术的成像系统 account for to be a particular amount or part of sth(数量上、比例上)占 The J
16、apanese market accounts for 35%of the companys revenue.日本市场占该公司收入的 35%。英伟达的人工智能芯片,也称为图形处理器(GPU)或“加速器”,最初专为视频游戏设计,通过任务并行化处理,将单个计算分解为小块并分配给芯片内的多个“内核”(即处理器的大脑),实现远快于顺序计算的速度。这种高效的计算方法特别适合游戏领域:可同时将数以万计的像素创建成栩栩如生的图形并呈现在屏幕上。目前,英伟达的高性能芯片占据了五分之四的游戏图形处理器市场份额。Happily for Nvidia,its chips have found much wider
17、uses:cryptocurrency mining,self-driving cars and,most important,training of AI models.Machine-learning algorithms,which underpin AI,use a branch of deep learning called artificial neural networks.In these networks computers extract rules and patterns from massive datasets.Training a network involves
18、 large-scale computationsbut because the tasks can be broken into smaller chunks,parallel processing is an ideal way to speed things up.A high-performance GPU can have more than a thousand cores,so it can handle thousands of calculations at the same time.cryptocurrency /krptokrnsi/n.(公共网络的,而非政府发行的)加
19、密电子货币(使用加密法确保付款安全支付及收取)cryptocurrency mining:加密货币挖矿是指使用计算机算力竞相求解加密方程,以获得加密货币的过程。algorithm /lrm/n.(尤指计算机)算法,运算法则 a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem 算法;计算程序 Dont diddle code to make it fasterfind a better algorithm.不要为了使代码更快而胡乱编写代码要找到更好的算法。underpin /ndrpn/v.to suppo
20、rt or form the basis of an argument,a claim,etc.加强,巩固,构成(的基 础等)The report is underpinned by extensive research.这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。artificial neural networks 人工神经网络:一种模仿生物神经网络结构和功能的数学模型或计算模型,用于对函数进行估计或近似。extract /ekstrkt/v.to choose information,etc.from a book,a computer,etc.to be used for a particular pu
21、rpose 选取;摘录;选录 This article is extracted from his new book.本 新英文外刊 2024-3-4 5/11 Para.4 文选自他的新书。对英伟达来说,值得高兴的是,它的芯片应用范围日益广泛:加密货币挖矿、自动驾驶汽车及最重要的人工智能模型训练。机器学习算法作为人工智能的核心,主要使用的是一种称为人工神经网络的深度学习分支。借助这些网络,计算机从海量数据中提取规则与模式。训练网络需进行大规模计算,而该任务可进行分解,因此,并行处理不失为一种加快速度的理想选择。英伟达的高性能 GPU 拥有一千多个内核,因此可以同时处理数千次计算。Once N
22、vidia realised that its accelerators were highly efficient at training AI models,it focused on optimising them for that market.Its chips have kept pace with ever more complex AI models:in the decade to 2023 Nvidia increased the speed of its computations 1,000-fold.optimise /ptmaz/v.to arrange or des
23、ign it so that it operates as smoothly and efficiently as possible.使优化 The new systems have been optimised for running Microsoft Windows.新系统已经被优化,以便运行微软视窗系统。划 线 句 Once Nvidia realised that its accelerators were highly efficient at training AI models,it focused on optimising them【指代“加速器”(“芯片”)】for th
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