高考英语考点复习之宾语、定语、状语从句讲义.docx
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1、高考英语考点复习之宾语、定语、状语从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don t know what the word means.“What” : I don, t know what the word means.I don t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1 .与or not连用:I don t know whether it? s raining or not.2 .与动词不定式连用:He
2、doesn t know whether to accept the invitation.3 .连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1 .主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2 .主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。l)She said that she was a student.- 以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, shouldLet s take the
3、 front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.in order that- 为了,与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should 等School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that- 生怕;为了防止(某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.in case一万k
4、You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Lest- 以防万一The man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.7 .让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.Although, though虽然although和though可以互换,但although常放在句首。Th
5、ough可以用 于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.Though he did his best, he didn t succeed.As-尽管as引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.Even if/even though即使Even if you don t like your boss, you should do your work.However 不论,however引导让步状语从句时,句
6、子通常倒装He couldn t get there on time however fast he drove.No matter (what, when, where, how)无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)He wouldn t forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.Whatever 不管Whatever other people may say, she won t change her mind.While 尽管While I have sympathy for you, I can t help you.Whether一不管,常与。r
7、 not连用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.8 .方式状语从句方式状语从句常由:as, as if, as though as一与一样Do in Rome as the Romans do.as if, as though一仿佛,由as if或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.2)She said that she would fly to Japan
8、 in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般 现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词 的代词四、翻译方法”.的”W
9、hom:先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的 区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.1.1 don t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose :指人或物,作定语,表示“的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that的特殊情况:1 .先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents boug
10、ht me.2 .先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3 .先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4 .先行词是人和物时,用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5 .先行词被all/ittle, the only, the very(就是,正是),the las
11、t等词修饰时,只能用 thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6 .特殊疑问句以who或which开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ;人+介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talki
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