高一定语从句一和2学生.docx
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1、定语从句(一)一、 专题精讲定语从句是高考的重点,也是学生英语学习中的难点。从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择是多年来的主要考点。高考对定语从句的考查热点有:which、as的用法;模糊化的地点名词作先行词时,对where的运用;“介词 which / whom/whose”;定语从句与其他从句,如名词性从句、状语从句的区别,以及与强调句型的区别。要点储备一:定语从句的几个基本概念作用起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词There was an accident that /which happened at the street corner. (that /which 引导定语从句,从句置
2、于先行词an accident之后; that/which为关系代词,在从句中作主语) The reason why he was late for class was that he was caught in the traffic. (why引导定语从句,从句置于先行词the reason之后; why为关系副词,在从句中作原因状语)位置在一个名词或代词后面,或被某些状语分隔先行词被修饰的名词或代词关系词引导定语从句的词,分关系代词与关系副词。它的作用:一是放在先行词与定语从句中间,起连接作用;二是在从句中充当一个成分要点储备二:关系代词与关系副词的具体作用关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关
3、系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人,物主语I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father
4、works abroad is my deskmate.that人,物主语,宾语,表语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语,宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人,物主语,宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. Thi
5、s is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.when可用on /in which代替where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.where可用in /at which代替why原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.why可用for which代替要点储备三:that与which, who与whom
6、的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等词修饰时3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4. 先行词既指人又指物时5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6. 句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时The book that you offered has been given out.This is the best film t
7、hat I have ever read.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom,而不用that的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指物,用who/whom指人2. 在由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人, whose表所属关系3. 先行词本身是that时,关系词用which, 先行
8、词为those, one, he时多用whoHe has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.要点储备四:as与which的区别定语从句区别例句在限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same或as, so修饰时,关系代词用as, 不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont re
9、ad such books as you cant understand.在非限制性定语从句中关系代词先行词含义位置典型句型例句as整个主句正如,像在主句前、中、后均可As anybody can see, as is well knownas is known to all, as often happens,as has been said above,as is often the caseI am patient with my child, which my husband seldom is. She is a fine singer, as her mother used to
10、be. They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadnt expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980swhich1. 先行名词2. 部分主句内容3. 整个主句1. 相当于先行词2. 这一点( and that)只能在先行词之后从句为否定含义时,关系代词只能用which要点储备五:限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句1. 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这
11、种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开2. 关系代词作从句宾语时,可省略The accident happened at the time when I left.The book(that/which) he lent to me was missing.非限制性定语从句1. 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。2. 从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that, why引导;任何关系代词或副词都不能省略3. 非限制性定语从句的适用情形:(1) 独一无二的词作先行词(2) 从句中表部分信息或包括所有时,如:., some/any/most/30%/one
12、/all/none of which/whom.His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.He has three sons, none of whom is a doctor.He fell ill suddenly, for which he didnt attend the meeting yesterday.He went to Beijing in 2003, where he became famous after seven years.重点突破七注意1 when, where与that/which的选用(1) 当先
13、行词是stay, period, interval, time, age, occasion等,从句中缺状语时,用when (2) 先行词是spot,sport,family,the Internet,society,case,situation,condition,scene等模糊化的地点名词,从句中缺状语时,用where(先行词是stage,可用where或when引导) (3) 从句中缺主语宾语时,用that/whichThe old man will never forget his stay there when he found his missing son. She broug
14、ht the police to the same spot where she witnessed the accident. Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. She put forward some conditions that/which she attached to the contract.2从句中谓语动词的数当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致Tom was one of the_boys who were_p
15、raised by the headmaster yesterday.Tom was the(only)_one of the boys who was_praised by the headmaster yesterday.I,_who am your teacher, will try to help you.3“介词关系代词”中介词的选择及其关系词的选择介词(1) 关系代词不能省略(2) 介词的选用与从句中谓语动词有关或与先行词有关或与整句语境有关(3) 此结构引导的定语从句可与“此结构 不定式”互换In the dark street, there wasnt a single per
16、son to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)Tom, in whose car I went to the station, is my good friend.Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.He has no money with which he can buy food. He has no money with which to buy food. He has no m
17、oney which to buy food with.4分隔定语从句(同位语从句)分隔定语从句与先行词之间被同位语、状语、谓语等成分分开(解题关键:移开分隔部分,找准先行词)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.(定语从句)The news came that our team won the match. (同位语从句)5特殊引导结构from where during which time in w
18、hich case since when (定语从句中用现在完成时) by when(定语从句中用完成时)He stood before the window, from where he watched his students playing football.He was born in World War , during which time thousands of millions of people were killed.He may not come, in which case we will go there without him.He went to the cit
19、y in 2004, since when he has made great process in his career.They settled in Seatle last year, by when she had obtained a masters degree in economics.6从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择(1) 定语从句中缺状语时,用关系副词when, where, why;从句中缺主语、宾语时用关系代词that, which(2) the way作先行词时,从句中缺状语时用that, in which或不用任何关系词This is just the same pe
20、n that I lost yesterday.He returned to the same place where he had found his watch.The way (that/ in which ) he handled the problem was simple.The way (that/ which) he thought of to handle the problem was simple.7与其他从句以及并列句的区别与结果状语从句的区别This is such a heavy bag as I cant carry.This is such a heavy ba
21、g that I cant carry it.与并列句或独立主格结构的区别There are two holes, each of which was made by mice. There are two holes, each of them made by mice. There are two holes, and each of them was made by mice.My friend Mary may be ill, in which case I will visit her. My friend Mary may be ill, and in that case I wi
22、ll visit her. My friend Mary may be ill; in that case I will visit her.与名词性从句的区别As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.It is known to all that the compass was first made in China.What is known to all is that the compass was first made in China.与强调句型的区别It was at 7 oclock pm.that he c
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