原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) The Panama Canal_DS.pdf
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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Panama CanalA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,166WritingConsider the pros and cons of building the Panama Canal.Write an essay explaining whether the benefits gained from the project were worth the sacrifice and cost.Social St
2、udiesResearch President Roosevelts visit to Panama.Write a summary explaining the reasons Roosevelt thought it was important for the United States to become involved in the building of the Panama Canal.Connectionswww.readinga-www.readinga-XZ1Z2Written by John PerritanoThe Panama CanalLEVELED BOOK Z2
3、XZ1Z220malaria(n.)a dangerous tropical disease spread by mosquitoes(p.12)marine(adj.)of or relating to the sea(p.4)morale(n.)confidence or enthusiasm of an individual or a group when working toward a goal(p.14)naval(adj.)of or relating to a navy(p.11)perished(v.)died,especially in a sudden,violent,o
4、r unexpected way (p.9)refurbishing(v.)changing or repairing something to improve it(p.14)scale(v.)to climb something high or steep;to reach the highest point of something(p.15)stalled(v.)stopped moving forward or suddenly stopped working (p.9)transcontinental extending across a continent(adj.)(p.6)w
5、ww.readinga-Written by John PerritanoThe Panama CanalWhy is the Panama Canal considered a colossal engineering feat?Focus Question2019Glossaryaccommodate(v.)to have or make enough room or space for someone or something(p.18)canal(n.)a waterway dug across land and used for transportation (p.4)commerc
6、e(n.)the buying and selling of goods;business or trade(p.5)contracted(v.)caught or developed an illness or disease(p.13)coup(n.)the sudden overthrow of leadership,usually of a government or business,by a small group(p.11)engineering(n.)the work of designing and building things using science and math
7、(p.4)ingenuity(n.)cleverness or skill in solving a problem or challenge(p.4)isthmus(n.)a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses(p.4)locks(n.)gated sections in rivers or canals in which the water level is raised and lowered to allow ships and boats to pass(p.4)The Panama Canal Level Z2
8、The Panama CanalLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by John PerritanoAll rights reserved.www.readinga-accommodatecanalcommercecontractedcoupengineeringingenuityisthmuslocksmalariamarinemoralenavalperishedrefurbishingscalestalledtranscontinentalWords to KnowFront and back covers:The luxury cruis
9、e ship Dawn Princess moves through the Pedro Miguel locks in the Panama Canal.Title page:Workers construct a lock and lock gates in a section of the canal in 1913.Page 3:Ships pass through the Gatun locks on the eastern side of the Panama Canal.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:David Parker/Alamy
10、;title page:Library of Congress/Corbis Historical/Getty Images;page 3:Bettmann/Corbis/Getty Images;page 4:PF-(bygone)/Alamy;page 11(main):AP Images;page 11(inset):Everett Collection Historical/Alamy;page 13:Everett Collection Inc/Alamy;page 16:Danielho/iStock/ThinkstockIllustration Credit:Page 16:il
11、lustration by Laszlo Veres/Learning A-ZCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA193Table of ContentsIntroduction .4Treacherous Crossings .6The French Take Charge .8The Americans Take Over .10Battling the Mosquito .12“Make the Dirt Fly”.13Old Timer .18Glossary .19The Panama Canal
12、Level Z218Old TimerThe United States controlled the canal until the end of 1999,when Panama took it over as part of a treaty agreement.By the early twenty-first century,the canal was showing its age.More than fourteen thousand ships and three hundred million tons of cargo were passing through its lo
13、cks annually.It badly needed a makeover to allow it to handle larger ships and resolve the problem of traffic jams.In 2006,the people of Panama voted to build two new sets of locks and two new navigation lanes to connect those locks to the existing channels.In 2016,forty-thousand workers completed t
14、he$5.4 billion,ten-year construction project.The new locks allow the canal to accommodate modern sailing vessels,effectively doubling the amount of cargo it can handle each day.Since the new locks are wider,they also allow tugboats,rather than mule locomotives,to guide ships through the system.The e
15、xpansion is yet another marvel of engineering in the canals long history.4IntroductionIt was a modern marvel that began as a seemingly impossible dream.Yet that dream became reality on August 15,1914,when the cargo ship Ancon eased through narrow locks and around towering mountains on its journey we
16、st via the newly opened Panama Canal.For so many,the Ancons voyage was a day of triumph.A journey that in prior years had taken months to complete could now be accomplished in a matter of days,thanks to a combination of human ingenuity,American technology,and the sweat of thousands of laborers.The c
17、onstruction of the fifty-mile-long canal was a colossal engineering feat the likes of which the world had never before witnessed.Workers spent ten years gouging earth from the isthmus and beating back countless obstacles in an effort to create a new water route for commercial,military,and recreation
18、al marine traffic between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Ancon makes the first trip through the newly built Panama Canal in 1914.17Locks are watertight chambers with huge steel doors at each end.In a lock,engineers can raise and lower the water level.When a ship wants to pass through a lock,the fro
19、nt door opens,allowing the ship to sail into the chamber.Once inside,the chamber door closes.Engineers then open valves,which allow water to flow into the compartment from the lock above the ship.As a result,the water level increases,raising the ship up to the level of the next lock.The ship rises t
20、hrough three locks until it reaches the inland lake.At the other end,the reverse happens.Instead of adding water to a lock,engineers drain the water.When that happens,the ship is lowered to the level of the next lock.How the Panama Canal WorksLock gateSea level1 Ship moves into open lock2 Lock gates
21、 close and lock fills with water,raising the ship to the level of the next lock3 More locks raise the ship until it is the height of Gatun Lake 4 Ship crosses Gatun Lake to the locks on the far side,where the process is reversedGatun locksPedro Miguel locksMiraflores locksGatun LakeMiraflores LakePa
22、cific OceanCaribbean SeaHeight of Gatun LakeLockSide view of the lock system as seen from the north.(not to scale)4321234The Panama Canal Level Z25The opening of the Panama Canal not only spurred global commerce but also helped establish the United States as a world power.Nearly one hundred years la
23、ter,thousands of ships,from yachts to aircraft carriers,use the canal to cross from one mighty ocean to the other.PACIFIC OCEANEquatorUnited StatesSOUTH AMERICAATLANTIC OCEANCARIBBEAN SEANew YorkSan FranciscoPanama CanalNow Thats a Shortcut!Trip through Panama Canal:5,300 miles(8,370 km)Trip around
24、South America:13,000 miles(20,900 km)KEYThe Panama Canal Level Z216also began building Gatun Dam across the powerful Chagres River.The dam would hold back the waters of Gatun Lake,the largest artificial lake in the world at that time.When workers finished the canal in 1914,the locks worked just as p
25、lanned.The Panama Canal soon became an important navigation route.The canal solved one transportation problem but created another.The canal split Panama and made it difficult to move people and goods across the country.For years,people relied on barges and ferryboats to cross the canal.Eventually,na
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