专题01 阅读理解专项训练(12篇)(解析版)-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲(译林版2020).docx
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1、优点英语专题01 阅读理解一 细节理解题细节理解题相对比较简单,但在高考阅读理解中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。 技巧点拨:1.直接信息题(定位比对定答案)直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中,涉及的话题有:广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。间接信息题(同义转换定答案)2.同义转换定答案间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查,会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。此类试题相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时,要做到“两关注”“一防范”。
2、“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。3. 数字计算题(整合推算得答案)数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说,计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有:1.广告类;2.故事类;3.科普知识类;4.史地自然类;5.文化教育类。二. 推理判断题1
3、. 隐含推断题 (关键词句细推敲)隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。推断隐含意义,题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语,根据题干内容,在文中找到定位词或句,理解信息句的字面意思,结合已
4、有常识,进行符合情理的推断。2. 观点态度题(“忠于措辞”定选项)所谓作者的观点和态度,就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。 3. 写作意图题(文体特点推意图)各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文中
5、所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。 4. 文章出处题/读者对象题(内容细节巧判断)文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。三词义猜测题1.对于推测划线单词或短语的含义,可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题;2.对于推测代词含义,可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义,并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句,弄清逻辑关系(因果关系,转折关系,补充说明,对比关系等)来解
6、题;3.关于推测划线句含义,采用三步法一定位,返回原文,定位划线句子,理清句子结构;二分析,分析划线句子前后语境,根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系,转折关系,补充说明,对比关系等)合理推断句意;三比较,比较选项,找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。 四.主旨大意题1. 标题归纳题标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。它的特点是:短小精悍,多为一短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能涵盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。2.文章大意题主旨大意题,要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意,可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉,进行综合归
7、纳。如有标题,标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。 3. 段落大意题(首尾兼顾知段意)段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开,所以,段落的结构也有一定的规律性。相对于标题类试题和文章大意类试题,段落大意类试题考查频率较低。)模拟演练一(2023春山东青岛高二统考期末)On Monday, American ski mountaineer Hilaree Nelson and her par
8、tner Jim Morrison reached the summit of 26,781-foot Manaslu, the eighth-highest mountain in the world. Soon after the 49-year-old Nelson began her descent(下降)on skis,she triggered small avalanche(雪崩)and was swept away. On Wednesday, Morrison found her body.“Often times in life, people want to play i
9、t safe, and we make everything around us to be comfortable and safe,” ski mountaineer Hilaree Nelson once said. “Therefore, we can make choices where you can see where that road is going to take you, and Ive always been tending to make a choice that I dont know where its going to take me.”Nelson, a
10、National Geographic Explorer, had a distinctive sense of travel that led her through more than 40 expeditions to 16 countries. In 2012, six years later, Nelson returned to Lhotse to become the first to ski from its summit.She was deeply respected for both her extensive big-mountain experience, and h
11、er mindful approach to lifes challenges. In 2018, Nelson was named captain of the North Face Athlete Team, a title only one other athlete has held. A National Geographic Society grantee, she was also one of the winners of the 2018 National Geographic Adventurer of the Year award. Despite her many su
12、per-hero accomplishments, friends recall her as a thoughtful presence and quiet leader, someone who never sought the limelight.Throughout her career, Nelson struggled at times with the expectations and limitations of being a woman, a mother, and a professional adventurer-and becoming a role model fo
13、r younger generations of female athletes in the process. “Nelson paved the way for women in the adventure sports space with her refusal to choose between motherhood and her athletic career, says Emily Harrington, a climber who joined her on the Hkakabo Razi expedition. “ She followed her passion as
14、well as raising her family with a mix of courage and grace in a way only a true leader could.”1What happened to Hilaree Nelson according to paragraph 1?AShe lost her life because of an avalanche.BShe reached the summit of Manaslu alone.CShe failed to find her partner and lost her life.DHer partner f
15、ound her body a week after her death.2Why did Nelson return to Lhotse in 2012?ATo explore the high mountain.BTo meet with her partner Morrison.CTo challenge herself to ski from its top.DTo become the best woman explorer to ski.3What is paragraph 4 mainly about?ACourage of Nelson as a good adventurer
16、.BReasons for Nelsons love for adventures.CHardships for Nelson to balance life and work.DThe great achievements Nelson once achieved.4Which of the following best describes Hilaree Nelson ?ACareful and confident.BDevoted and adventurous.CThoughtful and considerate.DCreative and responsible.【答案】1A 2C
17、 3D 4B【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。讲述了49岁的尼尔森在登上世界第八高的马纳斯卢山滑雪,因为雪崩而逝世,本文主要介绍了她的探险经历和成就。1细节理解题。根据第一段中“On Monday, American ski mountaineer Hilaree Nelson and her partner Jim Morrison reached the summit of 26,781-foot Manaslu, the eighth-highest mountain in the world. Soon after the 49-year-old Nelson began her descen
18、t on skis,she triggered small avalanche and was swept away. On Wednesday, Morrison found her body.(周一,美国滑雪登山运动员希拉莉尼尔森和她的搭档吉姆莫里森登上了世界第八高的马纳斯卢山,海拔26781英尺。49岁的尼尔森开始滑雪后不久,就引发了小型雪崩,被卷走了。周三,莫里森发现了她的尸体)”可知,希拉莉尼尔森因为雪崩而失去了生命。故选A项。2细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nelson, a National Geographic Explorer, had a distinctive sense o
19、f travel that led her through more than 40 expeditions to 16 countries. In 2012, six years later, Nelson returned to Lhotse to become the first to ski from its summit.(尼尔森是国家地理杂志的探险家,她有一种独特的旅行意识,指引她前往16个国家进行了40多次探险。六年后的2012年,纳尔逊回到Lhotse,成为第一个从山顶滑雪的人)”可知,尼尔森在2012年回到Lhotse是为了挑战自己从山顶滑雪。故选C项。3段落大意题。根据第四
20、段中“She was deeply respected for both her extensive big-mountain experience, and her mindful approach to lifes challenges. In 2018, Nelson was named captain of the North Face Athlete Team, a title only one other athlete has held. A National Geographic Society grantee, she was also one of the winners
21、of the 2018 National Geographic Adventurer of the Year award. Despite her many super-hero accomplishments, friends recall her as a thoughtful presence and quiet leader, someone who never sought the limelight.(她因其丰富的登山经验和对生活挑战的谨慎态度而深受尊敬。2018年,尼尔森被任命为诺斯菲斯运动队队长,这是唯一一名运动员获得过的头衔。作为国家地理学会的受奖人,她也是2018年国家地理
22、年度冒险家奖的获奖者之一。尽管她取得了许多超级英雄般的成就,但朋友们回忆起她是一个深思熟虑的存在和安静的领导者,一个从不追求风头的人)”可知,本段主要讲述了希拉莉尼尔森曾经取得的伟大成就。故选D项。4推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Throughout her career, Nelson struggled at times with the expectations and limitations of being a woman, a mother, and a professional adventurer-and becoming a role model for younger gen
23、erations of female athletes in the process. “Nelson paved the way for women in the adventure sports space with her refusal to choose between motherhood and her athletic career, says Emily Harrington, a climber who joined her on the Hkakabo Razi expedition. “ She followed her passion as well as raisi
24、ng her family with a mix of courage and grace in a way only a true leader could.”(在她的职业生涯中,Nelson有时会与作为一名女性、母亲和职业冒险家的期望和局限作斗争,并在这个过程中成为年轻一代女运动员的榜样。“纳尔逊拒绝在母亲和运动生涯之间做出选择,为冒险运动领域的女性铺平了道路,”与她一起参加Hkakabo Razi探险队的登山者艾米丽哈林顿说)”可推知,作为一个女性和母亲,和她的冒险家职业是相冲突的,但是尼尔森克服了困难,所以是投入的,并且纳尔逊拒绝在母亲和运动生涯之间做出选择,说明她热爱冒险运动,所以是
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