2024年高考英语第一轮复习阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇.docx
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1、2024年高考英语第一轮复习阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇 1.Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads, a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster. Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio St
2、ate University, researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways, detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving. In previous studies, Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provi
3、des much better spatial and temporal (时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that dont provide a view of many streets and roads in a city. “If we collect and process more high-resolution (高清) spatial information about whats happening on the roads, then planners could better u
4、nderstand changes in demand, effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system,” said Keith Redmill, lead author of the study. “If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors, then we will have created something in
5、credibly useful extremely cheaply,” he said. “Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time, its worth fully automating that process.”While still a long way f
6、rom total implementation (实施), the study suggests the systems results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance. Transportation planners, engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways, so when designing transportation systems to work over the nex
7、t 30 to 50 years, its necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.1How can cameras on buses benefit travelers?ABy shortening their travel time.BBy making their schedules tight.CBy decreasing their transport
8、cost.DBy improving their safety awareness.2What can we know about the sensors placed on buses?AThey provide more spatial coverage.BThey cant detect objects on the road.CThey cover less view of the urban traffic.DThey accurately record the flow of traffic.3What does the underlined word “surveillance”
9、 in paragraph 6 mean?AOperation.BMonitoring.CProtection.DArrangement.4What is a suitable title for the text?ATransportation automation is on its wayBIt is time to improve the efficiency of traffic systemCTransportation planners use cameras to make policiesDCameras installed on buses can better measu
10、re traffic 2.What are pillows really stuffed with? Not physically, but symbolically? The question occurred to me with the photos in the news and social media from the 50 cities around the world that staged public celebrations for International Pillow Fight Day. Armed with nothing more than bring-our
11、-own sacrificial cushions, strangers struck heavily each other in playful feather from Amsterdam to Atlanta, Warsaw to Washington DC But why? Is there anything more to this delightful celebration?As a cultural sign, the pillow is deceptively soft. Since at least the 16th Century, the humble pillow h
12、as been given unexpected meanings. The Chinese playwright Tang Xianzu tells a famous story about a wise man who meets a depressed young scholar at an inn and offers him a magic pillow filled with the most vivid dreams of a seemingly more fulfilling life. When the young man awakens to discover that h
13、is happy 50-year dream has in fact come and gone in the short space of an afternoons nap, our impression of the pillows power shifts from wonder to terror.Subsequent writers have likewise seized upon the pillow. When the 19th-Century English novelist Charlotte Bronte poetically observed “a ruffled (
14、不平的) mind makes a restless pillow”, she didnt just change the expected order of the adjectives and nouns, but instead she made unclear the boundaries between mind and matter the thing resting and the thing rested upon.Its a trick perhaps Bronte learned from the Renaissance philosopher Montaigne, who
15、 once insisted that “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head”. On Montaignes thinking, intelligence and happiness confront each other forever in a pillow fight that only one can win.With the words of Tang. Bronte, and Montaigne, we can perhaps more easily measure the attract
16、ion of the global pillow fight. Like a ritual of release, the annual international pillow fight amounts to a kind of cleansing, a brushing off of daily worries: an emptying of the worlds collective mind. Rather than a launch-pad for weightless rest, the pillow is a symbol of heavy thought: an anchor
17、 that drags the worlds soul down one that must be lightened.5The example of Tang Xianzu is used to illustrate that _.Apillows give people satisfactory dreamsBdreams are always wonderful while the real world is cruelCpeoples impression of pillows changes from wonder to terrorDpillows symbolically con
18、vey the meaning in contrast to their soft appearance6From the passage, we can learn that Charlotte Bronte _.Awrote poems about pillowsBregarded pillows as reflections of our mindsCshared the same viewpoint as Tang Xianzu on pillowsDwas likely to have been influenced by the thoughts of the Renaissanc
19、e7The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 “ignorance is the softest pillow on which a man can rest his head” most probably means _.Apillows give us comfortBpillows make people more intelligentCpeople with too many thoughts have less inner peaceDpeople can easily fall asleep when they know nothing8Acc
20、ording to the author, why is Pillow Fight Day so popular around the world?ABecause it is a ritual release.BBecause it makes life delightful.CBecause it comforts restless minds.DBecause it contains a profound meaning of life. 3.We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative.
21、We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss.But the most toxic relationships arent the purely negative ones. Theyre the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call the
22、m frenemies, supposed friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But ifs not just friends. Its the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your st
23、omach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health even more than purely negative relationships.I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positiv
24、e interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesnt reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And its not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In
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