高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习(动词和动词短语+动词的时态和语态+主谓一致).doc
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1、高考英语语法考点讲解与练习一、动词和动词短语【知识要点】1、只能后接-to do不定式,不能后接-ing的动词有:offer(提出), learn(学会), plan(计划), ask, demand(要求), promise, agree(答应), help(帮助), prepare(准备), decide, choose, determine(决定), refuse(拒绝), dare(敢于), manage(设法), wish, hope, expect(希望, 想要), fail(未能做到), pretend(假装), set out(开始着手做某事)等。2、只能后接-ing分词,不能
2、后接-to do不定式的动词有:mind(介意), suggest(建议), enjoy(欣赏), appreciate(感激, 欣赏), avoid(避免), delay(推迟), dislike(不喜欢, 厌恶), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), forgive(宽恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(错过), practise(训练), resist(抵抗, 抵制), risk(冒险), deny(拒绝, 否认), consider(考虑), admit (to)(承认), contribute to(捐助、贡献), get down to(着手
3、做), give way to(让位于), keep to(坚持、遵守), lead to (导致), take to(从事), turn to(求助于), stick to(忠于、坚持), point to(指向、表明), see to(注意、处理), set about, be used to(习惯于), devote oneself to(献身于), be equal to(胜任的、等于), be familiar to(为熟悉)。3、既能后接-ing分词,又能后接-to do不定式的动词:(1)后接-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义一样的动词:begin, start。(2)后接
4、-ing分词和后接-to do不定式意义不一样的动词:remember, forget, regret, mean, try, consider, cant help, look forward, stop, go on, continue。4、不能用于被动的动词有:happen, take place, occur, break out, be to blame for, consist of。5、不能用于进行的动词有:(1)所有表示“起来”的系动词:feel, taste, touch, sound, seem, appear(2)所有的感官动词:see, hear, find, noti
5、ce, watch(3)contain, have on(4)think(认为), consider(认为)6、既不能用于被动,也不能用于进行的动词有:belong to, date back to, date from。7、后接-ing分词,主动形式表示被动意义的动词:need, require, deserve。8、不能后接sb.to do的动词:afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, suggest, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepa
6、re, refuse, pretend, seem, set out(开始着手做某事)。9、后接sb.of sth.的动词:remind, convince, rob, warn, inform, cure, suspect, accuse。10、后接副词作表语,表示状态或特征;或强调状态时不用被动的动词:say, write, read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, start, shut。11、表示“计划、打算”的动词的过去完成时态可以表示“过去没有实现的愿望或打算”:plan, mean。【练习】单句语法填空1.The pen writes
7、 _ (smooth).2.All the passengers must remain _ (seat) until the bus has stopped completely.3.Remember _ (turn) off the lights before you leave.4.Do you remember _ (see) me before? 5.We have been reading books for ten minutes.Lets stop _ (have) a rest.6.Having finished the exercises, we went on _ (le
8、arn) the new words in the unit.7.After a short rest,they went on _ (work). 8.He stopped _ (talk) when the bell rang. 9.While working, he stopped _ (talk) to with Tom at times.10.I try not _ (think) about that. 11.Would you please try _ (do) that again? 12.I mean _ (change) it for another one. 13.Mis
9、sing the train means _ (wait) for another hour.14.Please permit me _ (say) a few words.15.We dont permit _ (smoke) here. 16.These group of people are those who arent allowed _ (enter) the room17.The room needs _ (clean). 18.The book deserves _ (read).19.I prefer _ (walk) to school every day. 20.I pr
10、efer _ (stay) at home today. 21.We began _ (do) that job last year. 22.When the teacher came into the room,he was starting _ (write) to his parents.23.Hearing the news,he started _ (think) of a good way to solve the problem.24.We were about to leave when it began _ (rain).25.I am so busy these days,
11、so I cant help _ (decorate) your house.26.I cant help _ (laugh) when I see his funny clothes.27.Look forward _ (avoid) running into any car.28.I am looking forward to _ (receive) your letter.二、动词的时态和语态【知识要点】一、动词的时态高考中对于动词的时态的考查,在中考考查的八大时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时)基础上,新加了四种:将来进
12、行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时,共计十二大时态。动词以其时态形式,构成了句子中的谓语,是构成句子结构的最基本的要素。1、一般现在时(1)现在一段时间里的经常性、习惯性、一般性的动作,常与表示频率或频度的副词以及表示现在的时间状语连用。句子常常翻译为:“常常做某事”。He gets up at seven every day.(2)表示客观事实。The earth goes around the sun.(3)在时间、条件状语从句中,一般现在时可以表示一般将来时。If I see him tomorrow, I will give the book to him.(4)表示交通
13、工具按照时刻表将要做某事。Hurry! Our train starts at 8.It is only five minutes left!2、一般过去时(1)过去一段时间里的经常性、习惯性、一般性的动作,常与表示频率或频度的副词以及表示过去的时间状语连用。句子常常翻译为:“过去常常做某事”。He got up at seven every day.(2)在时间、条件状语从句中,一般过去时可以表示过去将来时。He said if he saw his brother the next day, he would give the book to him.(3)表示现在不存在的动作。Tom l
14、ived here three years ago.3、现在进行时(1)表示现在某一时刻或某一时间点正在发生的动作,常与表示现在的时间状语连用。He is reading a book now.(2)表示最近一段时间里持续发生的动作,或保持的状态,而说话时不一定在进行。此用法常与表示现在的时间段连用,翻译为:“一直做某事”。He is studying hard these days.(3)与always连用,表示强烈的感情色彩。He is always doing something strange!(4)趋向动词的现在进行时,表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。He is leaving f
15、or Beijing tomorrow.4、过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一时间点正在发生的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。He was reading a book when I saw him.(2)表示过去一段时间里持续发生的动作,或保持的状态。此用法常与表示过去的时间段连用,翻译为:“一直做某事”。He was studying hard those days.5、一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。We will go to Beijing tomorrow.6、过去将来时表示过去的将来将要发生的动作。常与表示过去将来的时间状语连用。He said
16、that he would go to Beijing the next day.7、现在完成时(1)表示从过去某一时间开始发生,持续到现在,已经结束的动作,并对现在有可能造成影响。此时,谓语动词需要使用短暂性动词。此用法常与already, yet等副词以及recently, by far, so far, in/during the last/past +时间段等时间状语连用。翻译为:“(到如今为止)已经”。We have finished three units by far.In the last ten days, they have covered over 1, 000 kilo
17、meters.(2)表示从过去某一时间开始发生,一直持续到现在的动作。此时,谓语动词需要使用延续性动词。He has lived here for ten years.8、过去完成时(1)表示从过去的过去某一时间开始发生,持续到过去,已经结束的动作,并对过去有可能造成影响。此时,谓语动词需要使用短暂性动词。此用法常与already, yet等副词连用。过去完成时需要有表示过去的时间状语或发生在过去的动作作为时间参照,翻译为:“(到过去为止)已经”。We had finished three units before yesterday.(2)表示从过去的过去某一时间开始发生,一直持续到过去的动
18、作。此时,谓语动词需要使用延续性动词。 He had lived here for ten years before he left there.(3)表示“计划、安排、打算、愿望”的动词的过去完成时,表示过去没有实现的愿望和打算。We had hoped/planned to attend your birthday party yesterday.(4)在if虚拟条件句中,表示对过去事实的虚拟时,if从句中要使用过去完成时。If you had come yesterday, you could have seen him.9、将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在发生的动作。We will be
19、 having a class at 8 tomorrow.10、将来完成时表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。We will have finished three units before next Saturday.11、现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时间开始发生,持续到现在还在进行的动作。We have been doing our homework for more than 4 hours.12、过去完成进行时从过去的过去某一时间开始发生,持续到过去还在进行的动作。We had been doing our homework for more than 4 hours when he
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