名校试题43份阅读理解CD篇合集(原卷版).docx
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1、阅读理解CD篇(名校试题43题)一(2023届江苏省苏北四市一调试题)Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too. A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how
2、they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring(后代).Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever. For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environme
3、ntal clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportu
4、nities to reproduce.”Because plants dont have neural(神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular(细胞的),molecular(分子的),and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory(体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environment
5、al condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli.These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offsp
6、ring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence(序列),”he says. “This is especially important when we conside
7、r the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.”28What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons?AThey have shortened their flowering time.BThey have got more chances to reproduce.CThey have avoided flowering
8、in cold seasons.DThey have adjusted their environmental clock.29What can we learn about somatic memory?AIt is entirely based on neural networks.BIt can help the plants offspring to survive.CIt can help relieve environmental stresses.DIt disturbs the plants biochemical networks.30What does the underl
9、ined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4?AAdjusting.BTreasuring.CRecording.DSharing.31Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?APlants are smart about flowering timeBPlants can also adapt to climate changeCEnvironmental stresses challenge plantsDMysteries of plant genes are to be un
10、folded二(2023届江苏省苏北四市一调试题)This year, in March, I jumped into a heated pool in Califomia to meet a dolphin named Delle. As I approached her, Delle turned towards me and became playful, greeting me by splashing me with her beak. Delighted, I reached out to pat her shiny skin. It felt rubbery, which was
11、 the main giveaway that Delle the dolphin was a robot.Just as fake(假的)animals are becoming very realistic,its becoming increasingly less acccptable to use live animals for entertainment purposes. Documentaries like Blackfish (2013)and The Cove (2009) have exposed some of the horrific treatment and s
12、uffering of occan mammals. The resulting public protest has made aquariums(水族馆)controversial, attracting less visitors.Arguably,entertaining people with captive(圈养的)animals is vital for animalconservation. Many zoos and aquariums actively try to promote conservation efforts byproviding educational e
13、xperiences and encouraging interest in the natural world. This type of entertainment is useful, because it inspires people to care.At first, this seems like a reason to avoid replacing the animals with technology. However, research in the rapid-developed field of human-robot interaction is showing a
14、stonishing resultson engagement with robots that can imitate lifelike behaviour. When physically interactive,robots attract a lot of attention. People tend to treat them like theyre alive,even though theyknow perfectly well theyre just machines.If we start to replace the animals in our theme parks w
15、ith machines, will this trend decreaseour wonder for the natural world? A bunch of people expressed negative gut reactions(本能反应)after I posted video of the robot dolphin on Twitter. And yet, I dont believe that using this robotanimals will cause us to forget the worth of living creatures.32Why does
16、the author mention Delle in paragraph 1?ATo share a special experience.BTo promote rubbery dolphins.CTo draw attention to robot animals.DTo describe a dolphin preformance.33What can we learn about live animals in zoos?AThey are cruelly treated.BThey make zoos popular.CThey are well entertained.DThey
17、 deserve conservation.34What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AReasons for replacing animals with robots.BBenefits of entertaining people with robots.CResearch results on interaction with robots.DPublic concerns over engagement with robots.35Whats the authors attitude to replacing animals with machines?A
18、Favorable.BIntolerant.CDoubtful.DUnclear.三(2023届江苏省南京市第一中学第一次模拟考试)Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots called “microrollers” that can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells. T
19、he team drew inspiration for the design of the robots from white blood cells in the human body, which can move along the walls of blood vessels (血管) against the direction of blood flow.The microrollers are round and made from glass microparticles. One half of the robot was coated with a thin magneti
20、c nanofilm (磁性纳米膜) made from nickel and gold. The other half was coated with the cancer drug doxorubicin as well as molecules that recognize cancer cells.The team tested the robots using mouse blood and artificial channels lined with human endothelial cellsthe kind of cells that line the inner walls
21、 of our blood vessels. The robots were exposed to a mixture of cancerous and healthy tissue. The microrollers selectively attached to the cancer cells and were activated using UV light to release the doxorubicin.By applying magnetic fields, the team was able to control the movement of the microrolle
22、rs, both with and against the flow of blood. The microrollers can reach a speed of up to 600 micrometers per second. “If you come to a spot where you need to take the right path and if you miss it, then you could go back and go to the right one,” says Setti.In future, the researchers want to use oth
23、er methods to start the drug release, such as heat or near-infrared light. They also plan to try making microrollers out of materials that would break down in the body over a few weeks or months.The team hopes to test the microrollers in animals soon. “The rollers need to carry enough cancer drugs,
24、which is why we need to have them in large numbers,” says Setti. “But since we can locally take drugs to the right target, we dont need huge dosages (剂量).”28What can the microrollers be used for?ARepairing blood cells.BDelivering drugs.CImproving blood flow.DPerforming operations.29What does Paragra
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