商务英语名词解释.doc
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1、1.Budget预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio证券投资组合the entire collection of i
2、nvestments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of t
3、he selling price of the product.5.Patent专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6.Non-tariff barrier非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, includi
4、ng prohibitions and quotas, etc.7.Franchise经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.8.Purchasing power购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.9.PPP购买力平价
5、purchasing power parity10.tariff关税tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materi
6、als13.drawback退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported14.specific duties从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage运费the price or cost of transportation17.vol
7、untary offer主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties缔约方signatories of an agreement19.force majeure不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer21.o
8、fferee受要约人the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control23.inflation通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.24.protectionism贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and o
9、ther means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral双边的of two sides26.bundling捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors债权人a person to whom one owns money28.debtor债务人a person who owes money29.default违约fail to carry out an obligation30.draft汇票an unconditional order to someo
10、ne to pay a sum of money31.remittance汇款the sending of money or the money sent32.drawer出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of an L/C出口信
11、用证the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export37.confirming bank保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C38.reimburse退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent39.clean credit光票信用
12、证a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer42.consignee收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods ar
13、e shipped43.shipping marks唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy保险单a document used for covering possible risks45.title抬头right to the possession of a position or property46.insured被保险人a person covered by an insur
14、ance policy47.premium保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss潜在损失loss which is possible to incur49.claim索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy50.margin利润amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter保险公司a person who carries on
15、insurance as a business52.invoice发票a document for the general description of the goods and the pensation赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and a
16、ir56.redeem兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock57.settlement结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchange rate汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation货币流通money in the hands of the public and be
17、ing used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies61.reserve储备金money held aside to meet future demand62.investment投资the act of putting money to use in something of
18、fering profitable returns63.quota配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER自动出口限制an agreement by a countrys exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country65.intellectual property知识产权certain non-tangible assets
19、held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right66.tax holiday免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied67.joint venture合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts金边债券stocks issued
20、 by government69.cost-effective成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure70.anti-dumping反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured71.mandate授权a
21、uthority given to perform a duty72.contracting party缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by mean
22、s of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments)is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or as
23、sets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a
24、 firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.79.Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in
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