中考英语备考专项复习不定代词及练习.docx
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1、第五节 不定代词不定代词:不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词可分为两类:1) 普通不定代词all both every each either neithermany much some any a few few a little little noother the other others the others another 2) 由body,one,thing构成的合成代词somebody anybody everybody nobodysomeone anyone everyone no onesomething anything everything nothin
2、gSome 与any区别1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。常修饰可数名词复数,如:some books some boys也可修饰不可数名词,如:some water some teaThere are some policemen at the door.I want to buy some bread.2) any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。 【例题精讲】 例1. Have you got any tea?例2. If you h
3、ave any questions, please ask me. 例3. There isnt any orange in the bottle.any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,它可以用在肯定句中。Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。Any student must read the text.任何学生都必须读课文。在表示建议,反问,请求的疑问句中,或期望得到肯定回答时,多用some而不用any。Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡?What about some fruit jui
4、ce? 来点水果汁如何?以could, would,what about, how about,why not开头的疑问句,也用some,表示说话人希望得到对方的肯定回答。 【例题精讲】 例1. -How many people can you see in the picture? -I cant see any. 例2. If you have no money, Ill lend you some.注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致
5、和some, any的用法相同。 【巩固练习】 一、用some和any填空。 1. There isnt_ milk in the fridge.2. I can see_ cars, but I cant see _ buses. 3. He has_ friends in England. 4. Are there_ trees on the farm? 5. Would you like _ tea? No, I dont like _ tea, but Id like _ cakes. 6. Is there_ rice in the kitchen? 7. There are_ ne
6、w buildings in our school. 8. Here are_ presents for you. 9. Are there_ pictures on the wall? No, there arent _ pictures. 10. There is_ milk in the bottle. 11. Are there_ bananas in the bag? 12. There are not _ boys on the bus. 二、选择题。 1. Theres a little cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the
7、store and get _? A. some B any 2. I feel a bit hungry. Why dont you have _ bread? A. any B.some 3. Would you like _ coffee with sugar?A. any B.some4. I havent got_ books to read.A .any B some 5. Lisa wants to do _ housework.A.any B.some 6. Do you have _ toys?A.any B.some 7. Bill doesnt have _ money.
8、A.any B.some 8. My sister cant speak _English.A.some B.any 一、1. any 2. some, any 3. some 4. any 5. some, any, some 6. any 7. some 8. some 9. any, any 10. some 11. any 12. any二、1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. Bmany与much, few, a few 与little, a little的区别1) Many,much都意为许多, many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词
9、。【例句】 I dont havemanyfriends here. She hadntmuchmoney, but she felt very happy.Many apples are red.Much water is clean.2) few, a few, little, a little (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词 a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点 few / little为否定含义,没有多少了。【例题精讲】 例1.He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 例2.He has few friends.他
10、几乎没有朋友。例3.We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。例4.There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。 固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many)It was so cold thatonly a few fewpeople went out.那天很冷,很少人出去。Weve got only a few eggs few eggs, so I must go shopping.Quite a few many peop
11、le go to the beach to enjoy the nice weather.He did business and earned quite a little much money. a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。【例题精讲】 例1. Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) 例2. Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) 例3. Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) 例4. She slept
12、very little last night.【巩固练习】1. At midnight, most people go to sleep, but therere still _ young people hanging out in the streets. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few2. Just _ students came to the party. Most of them stayed at home and watched TV. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. Theres onl
13、y _ meat in the fridge.Please go and buy some. A. a little B. little C. a few D. Few4.Would you like _ milk in your tea? Yes, just _.A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some5. There is _ water in my glass. Will you please give me _.A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D.
14、 little; anyevery 和each的区别1).every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。 Every student in our school works hard. Each student has his shining point. 每个人都有自己的闪光点。2)every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。She had a bottle in each hand. 她每只手拿着一个瓶子。3)every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。 Every four years athletes
15、from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年,来自世界各地的运动员参加奥林匹克运动会。 I have violin lessons every two weeks.我每两个星期上一次小提琴课。固定搭配:each other意思为“彼此、相互、互相”的意思。We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。each后可跟介词“of”,而every不可以。Each of his children goes to a different school.他的每个孩子都在不同的学校里读书。Each of us
16、likes doing exercise. 我们每个人都喜欢做锻炼。every 可与 almost, nearly ,等副词的修饰,但 each 却不能。如:Almost every student has read the book. 差不多每个学生都读过这本书。Almost every person is here. 几乎所有人都在这儿。注意:each 和every用于主语时,谓语均要求单数。Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one. Each has h
17、is advantages.各人都有他的优点。 other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。用 法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定Another另一个Others别人,其他人another (boy)另一个(男孩)other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一个the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别的”。【例题精讲】 例1.Where are his other books?
18、例2.WelearnChinese,English,mathandothersubjects.2) other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。【例题精讲】 例1.He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. 例2.Thereare48studentsinourclass,someworkhard,buttheotherstudents dont. 3) other作代词用时,可以有复
19、数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 others相当于other+名词复数,指剩余的另一些,并非全部。 【例题精讲】 例1.Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. 例2.This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4) “the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。 【例题精讲】 例1.We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back un
20、til 8 oclock. 例2.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5) another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one. 【例题精讲】例1.Idontlikethisone,pleaseshowmeanother. 例2.Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? another+数词+名词复数 = 数词+more/other+名词复数e.g.1.I want to have
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