2019考研英语(一)真题.pdf
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1、1 12019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smar
2、tphone_1_ of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones_2_on batteries, and batteriescan die faster than we realize._3_you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you _4_cant find north, a fewtricks to help you navigate_5_to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.W
3、hen you find yourself well_6_ a trail, but not in a completely _7_area, you have to answer two questions:Which _8_is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelminglylive in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water._9_, if you head downhill, and follow an
4、y H2O you find, you should_10_see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be _11_how quicklyidentifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another_12_:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation._13_,even in dense forest,
5、you should ableto _14_gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve_15_ the woods. Head towardthese _16_ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for _17_ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, thenwalk toward the glow of light pollution._18_,assuming yo
6、ure lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the _19_we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can _20_you to civilization.1. A SomeB MostC FewD All2. A putB takeC runD come3. A SinceB IfC ThoughD Until4. A formallyB relativelyC graduallyD literally5. A backB n
7、extC aroundD away6. A ontoB offC acrossD alone7. A unattractiveB uncrowdedC unchangedD unfamiliar8. A siteB pointC wayD place9. A SoB YetC InsteadD Besides10.A immediatelyB intentionallyC unexpectedlyD eventually11.A surprisedB annoyedC frightenedD confused12.A problemB optionC viewD result13.AAbove
8、 allB In contrastC On averageD For example14.A bridgeB avoidC spotD separate15.A formB throughC beyondD under16.A postsB linksC shadesD breaks17.A artificialB mysteriousC hiddenD limited18.A FinallyB ConsequentlyC incidentallyD Generally19.A memoriesB marksC notesD belongings20.A restrictB adoptC le
9、adD expose2 2Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers onthe ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big b
10、anks. Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation forwrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and torestore public trust in financial institution. Yet off
11、icials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long termdecision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank ofEnglands top economist.
12、Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describingthis financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” ratherthan putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the Unit
13、ed States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from sevenyears to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, canhinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterlycapitalism”
14、In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information,and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking atthe expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of
15、the US Securities and ExchangeCommission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses forsenior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The WallStreet Jour
16、nal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance .Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosureof stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years cansom
17、etimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond theirown time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society hasan interest in their performanc
18、e, not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is theA. enhance bankerssense of responsibilityB. help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22.Al
19、fred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governmentsimpatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. “short-termism” in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can
20、beA. indirectB. adverseC. minimalD. temporary24. The US and France examples and used to illustrateA. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.B. the significance of long-term thinking.3 3C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25. Which of the follow
21、ing would be the best title for the text?A. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflationthe gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decadesisoften
22、 considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to bepleased. But another, related forcea policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness” ishelping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in whic
23、h they received a low grade, and the most recentgrade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost tokeep students in school (and paying tuition) a
24、nd improve their graduation rates. When this practice first starteddecades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if theystruggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses,
25、 allowall undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and moreabout encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without in
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