中外文化交流1000字.pdf
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1、中外文化交流 1000 字 篇一:中外文化交流论文 CultureofAncientEgypt【Abstract】AncientEgyptisoneofthemostfascinatingoftheancientcivilizations.ThispapermainlycentersonthecultureofancientEgypt,anditintroducesancientEgyptianpharaohs,ancientEgyptiangods,ancientEgyptianpyramids,ancientEgyptianhieroglyphics,historyofancientEgy
2、ptandsoon.ItmakesusknowancientEgyptfromamultipleanglesandmaybeanewdiscoveryonyourpathtobroadeningyourknowledge.【KeyWords】ancientEgypt;pharaohs;history;hieroglyphics TheHistoryofAncientEgypt AncientEgyptenjoyedalongandvariedhistory.AncientEgyptwasamongtheearliestcivilizations.AndTheCultureofEgypthasf
3、ivethousandyearsofrecordedhistory.ScholarsdividethehistoryofEgyptintoperiodsanddynasties.PredynasticPeriod(c.5300-3000B.C.)NeolithicThefirstpartofthePredynasticperiodistheNeolithicperiod.AgriculturebecamethemainfoodsourceintheNileValleyandmunitiesworkedtogethertoraisefood.Egyptologistsdiscoveredpits
4、usedtostoregrain.TheyalsofoundBeadsandcosmeticpalettesinNeolithictombs.BadarianCultureThisculturemarkssomeoftheearliestexamplesofagricultureinUpperEgyptandmostofitsrelicsefromcemeteries.Thesecemeteriesshowsignsofsocialdivisionsbecausewealthygraveswereinonearea.Allthebodieswereinthesamepositionandfac
5、edinthesamedirection.SomeexamplesofBadarianpotteryhavethinwallsthatlaterculturesdidnotemulate.Thejewelryfoundtodateisusuallymadeofboneorivory.EarlyDynasticPeriod(c.3000-2686B.C.)1stDynastyand2ndDynastyThepharaohscreatedstategoods,shownbylabels,usedaspartofataxationsystem.Officialsappointedbythekingo
6、versawirrigationandbeganstandardizinghieroglyphicwriting.Theyalsohelpedsupportthefuneralprogramsandreligioussites.Priestsusedcertainfuneralritesforthepharaohonlyduringthisperiod.TheEarlyDynasticPeriodwasatimewhenEgypts governmentformedandbuiltthesocietysfoundations.Thepharaohsestablishedtradewiththe
7、Sinai,Palestine,Lebanon,NubiaandtheEasternDesert.WritinghelpedtheEgyptianstateorganizeandthepharaohwasEgyptsultimateauthority.OldKingdom(c.2686-2125B.C)3rdDynasty,4thDynasty,5thDynasty,6thDynasty,7thand8thDynasties.FirstIntermediatePeriod(c.2160-2055B.C.)9thDynasty,10thDynasty,11thDynasty.MiddleKing
8、dom(2055-1650B.C.)11thDynastyThe11thDynastycontinuedintotheMiddleKingdomafterMentuhotepIIre-unitedEgypt.Heruledfor51yearsanddeifiedhimselftoshowhisrighttoruleEgypt.MentuhotepIIappointedgovernorstooverseetheadministrationsofUpperandLowerEgypt.Thepharaohswhofollowedhimreinstitutedthecultofkingshipandb
9、uilttemplesandchapels.12thDynasty,13thDynasty.SecondIntermediatePeriod(1650-1550)14thDynasty,15thDynasty,16thDynasty,17thDynasty.NewKingdom(1550-1069B.C.)18thDynasty,19thDynasty,20thDynasty.ThirdIntermediatePeriod(1069-664B.C.)21stDynasty,22ndDynasty,23rdDynasty,24thDynasty,25thDynasty.LatePeriod(66
10、4-332B.C.)26thDynasty,27thDynasty,28thDynasty,29thDynasty,30thDynasty,SecondPersianPeriod.PtolemaicPeriod(332-30B.C.)Arab-MuslimPeriod(beganin642A.D.)In642A.D.,ArabiclanguageandculturereplacedEgyptianlanguageandculture.EgyptwasoneoftheIslamicworldsculturalandintellectualcenters.Asuccessionofcaliphat
11、esruledEgyptuntilNapoleonconqueredEgypt.Atthistime,scholarsrekindledinterestinthelanguageandcultureofEgypt.Today,theArabnationofEgyptisatouristdestinationforthoseinterestedinEgyptshistory.AncientEgyptianpharaohs:Definition:thewordpharaohreferstothetitleoftheancientEgyptiankings.Thetitle“pharaohmeans
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