《专业词汇学习.pptx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专业词汇学习.pptx(19页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、主要化学元素英文名符号中文名英文名符号中文名hydrogenH氢phosphorusP磷heliumHe氦sulphurS硫lithiumLi锂chlorineCl氯berylliumBe铍argonAr氩boronB硼potassiumK钾carbonC炭calciumCa钙nitrogenN氮scandiumSc钪oxygenO氧titaniumTi钛fluorineF氟vanadiumV钒neonNe氖chromiumCr铬sodiumNa钠manganeseMn锰magnesiumMg镁ironFe铁aluminiumAl铝cobaltCo钴silverAg银siliconeSi硅co
2、pperCu铜nickelNi镍zincZn锌第1页/共19页galliumGa镓germaniumGe锗arsenic As 砷seleniumSe硒bromineBr溴kryptonKr氪rubidiumRb铷stroniumSr锶yttriumY铱zirconiumZr锆niobiumNb铌molybdenumMo钼technetiumTc锝ruthenium Ru 钌rhodium Rb 铑palladiumPd钯silver Ag 银iodineI碘xenonXe氙cadmiumCd镉indiumIn铟tinSn锡bariumBa钡tunstenW钨rheniumRe铼platinu
3、mPt铂goldAu金mercuryHg汞thalliumTl铊lead Pb 铅bismuthBi铋poloniumPo钋radon Rn 氡franciumFr钫radiumRa镭uraniumU铀plutonimPu钚第2页/共19页常见无机酸及其盐分子式 英文名称 中文名称 盐类英文名称 例子 HCl hydrochloric a.盐酸 chloride sodium chloride HBr hydrobromic a.氢溴酸 bromide potassium bromide HBrO3 bromic a.溴酸 bromate sodium bromate HI hydriodic
4、 a.氢碘酸 iodide HF hydrouflouric a.氢氟酸 floride HCN hydrocyanic a.氢氰酸 cyanide H2CO3 carbonic a.碳酸 carbonate calcium carbonate sodium hydrogen carbonate HBO3 orthoboric a.硼酸 orthoborate HBO2 metaboric a.偏硼酸 mrtaborate H3BO2 borous a.亚硼酸 H4B2O4 hypoboric a.二硼酸 hypoborate H2B4O7 tetraboric a.四硼酸 tetrabora
5、te HBO3 perboric a.过硼酸 perborate HClO3 chloric a.氯酸 chlorate HOCl hypochlorous a.次氯酸 hypochlorite sodium hypochlorite HClO4 perchloric a.高氯酸 perchlorate H2CrO4 chromic a.铬酸 chromate HCrO2 chromous a.亚铬酸 chromite第3页/共19页分子式 英文名称 中文名称 盐类英文名称 例子 H2Cr2O7 dichromic a.重铬酸 dichromate potassium dichromate H
6、IO3 iodic a.碘酸 iodate HMnO4 permanganic a.高锰酸 permanganate H2MnO4 manganic a 锰酸 manganate HNO3 nitric a.硝酸 nitrate HNO2 nitrous a.亚硝酸 nitrite H2NO2 nitroxlic a.次硝酸 nitroxylate H3PO3 (ortho)phosphoric a.磷酸 (ortho)phosphate sodium orthophosphate(monometalllic)HPO3 metaphosphoric a 偏磷酸 metaphosphate H4
7、P2O7 pyrophospharic a.焦磷酸 pyrophosphate H2S hydrosuluric a.硫化氢 hydrosulfuria.H2SO4 sulfuric a.硫酸 sulfate copper sulfateH2SO3 sulfurous a.亚硫酸 sulfite sodium sulfite HSCN thiocyania a.Thiocyanate potassium thiocyanateH2SiO3 metasilicic a.硅酸 metasilicate 第4页/共19页无机碱(alkaline)NaOHsodiumhydrate,sodiumhyd
8、roxideKOH potassium hydrate,potassiumhydroxideCa(OH)2calciumydroxideAl(OH)3aluminiumhydrate,aluminiumhydroxide第5页/共19页烷烃(-ane)直链:CH4 methane 甲烷C2H6 ethane 乙烷C3H8 Propane 丙烷C4H10butane丁烷C5H12 pentane 戊烷C6H14hexane己烷C7H16 heptane 庚烷C8H18octane辛烷C9H20nonane壬烷C10H22decane癸烷C16H34hexadecane十六烷其它烷烃:环烷烃:cy
9、clo-直链脂肪烷烃环己烷cyclohexane环戊烷cyclopropane带有侧链的烷烃:根据其命名法则,表明主链及支链即可。乙基乙烷ethylhexane第6页/共19页烯烃(-ene)炔烃(-yne)直链烯烃(-ene)C2H4ethene乙烯C3H6 Propene 丙烯C4H8butene丁烯C5H10pentene戊烯C6H12hexene己烯C7H14heptene庚烯C8H16octene辛烯C9H18nonene壬烯C10H20decene癸烯C16H32 hexadecene 十六烯直链炔烃(-yne)C2H2ethyne乙炔C3H4Propyne丙炔C4H6butyne
10、丁炔C5H8pentyne戊炔C6H10hexyne己炔第7页/共19页杂环母核五元环环戊二烯cyclopentadiene呋喃furan(e)噻吩thiophene吡咯pyrrole吡唑pyrazole咪唑imidazole六元环苯benzene环己烯cyclohexadiene-吡喃1,2-pyran-吡 喃 酮 1,2-pyrone吡啶pyridine嘧啶pyrimidine蒽状环蒽 anthracene 噻蒽thianthrene茚状环茚indene硫茚thionaphthene吲 哚 1-benzazole(indole)茚唑indazole嘌呤purine萘状环:萘naphthal
11、ene萘烷decalin异香豆素isocoumarin喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline芴状环:芴fluorene咔唑carbazole二苯并呋喃dibenzofuran硫芴dibenzothiophene第8页/共19页有机酸(-icacid)饱和一元酸HCOOHformicacid甲酸CH3COOH acetic acid 乙酸CH3CH2COOH propionicacid丙酸不饱和一元酸CH2=CHCOOH acrylicacid丙 烯酸CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOHsorbic acid 山梨酸二元酸HOOCCOOH oxalic acidHOOCCOOH ox
12、alic acid 乙二酸,草酸HOOCCH22COOH HOOCCH22COOH succinic succinic acid acid 丁二酸,琥珀酸HOOCCH=CHCOOH HOOCCH=CHCOOH fumaric fumaric acidacid 富马酸,延胡索酸 反丁烯二酸 羟基酸HOOCCHOHCH2COOH HOOCCHOHCH2COOH malic malic acid acid 羟基丁二酸,苹果酸HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOHHOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH tartaric acid tartaric acid 二羟丁二酸,酒石酸HOOCCH2C(OH
13、)CH2COOHHOOCCH2C(OH)CH2COOH citric acid citric acid 二羟丙二羧酸,柠檬酸第9页/共19页数字的前缀(1)数字英文前缀例子1mono-,uni-monatomic,monoxide2 di-,bis-,bi-,amphi-,twi-dioxide,diatomic,amphotericreaction,twiblade3tri-,tertrisection,terbromide4 tertra-,quadri-tetracycline,tetragon,quadrivalent5quinque-,penta-quinquesection,pen
14、tagon6hexa-,sex-hexangular,hexode,sexfoil7hepta-,septi-heptahedron,septennial8octa-octolateral9ennea-,nona-enneastyle,nonane10deca-decagram,decanal11undeca-,hendeca-undecyndio12dodeca-dodecanal13tridecatridecaniocacid第10页/共19页数字的前缀(2)(2)数字英文前缀例子20eicos-eicosane21henicosa-heneicosanicacid22docosa-doc
15、osane30triaconta-tricontahedron31hentriaconahentriacontane40tetraconta-tetracontane100 hecta-hectogram,hectowatt1000 kilo-kilogram,kilometre hemi-,semi-hemisphere,hemipyramid1/10 deci-decigram,decilitre1/100milli-millisecond第11页/共19页数序英文前缀甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-a-丁but-戊pent-己hexa-庚hepta-辛octa-癸nona壬deca-m
16、ethane ethane propane butanepentane hexaneheptane octane nonane decane第12页/共19页反义的前缀前缀 举例 a-acentricab-abnormalan-anelectric,anharmonicanti-antiageingcotra-cotraclockwisecounter contercurrentdif-diffidentdis-disability,disappear前缀 举例 il-illimitableim-immaterialin-incompleteir-irregularnon-nonexisten
17、t,nonperidicun-unequal,unbodied第13页/共19页一般英文词汇的前缀前缀中文含义举例mal-恶 malcontent,malfunctionintra-在内,内部 intraregionalintro-向内,入内introflection,introduceex-出外;前任;exportexpremier做,使,起强调作用extractexo-外,外部exosphereexobiologyfore-前,先,预先辈 forwordforeseemicro微microscope,microworldper-高,过perchloride,peroxide加强意义pert
18、urb遍,透perspire前缀 中文含义 举例endo-内 endolympheu-优,美 euthenicspre-前 prewarpost-后 postdatesym-对称 symmetryhomo-同 homotypehetero-异 heteropolar,heteromorphicpseudo 假 pseudocrystalmacro-大,宏 macroclimate macroword第14页/共19页常用化合物的词头aceto-乙酰acetoacetate,acetoaceticetheralkali-碱alkali-earthmetal,alkalimetalbenzene(
19、benzol-)苯 benzeneringbenzenesulfonicacidbi-在盐类前头表示酸式盐sodiumbicarbonatechloro-氯代,氯基chloroaceticacid,chloroformcis-顺 式 cis-addition,cis-isomercyclo-环cycloheptanoneepoxy-环氧epoxypropane,epoxyresinhydro-氢的,氢化的,含水的hydrocarbon,hydrogenationhydroxy-羟基hydroxy-ketone,hydroxy-acidiso-等,同 isotherm isotopemeta-间
20、,偏metapheynlenemeta-aciddiamin e,nitro-硝 基 nitrobenzeneortho邻位;正,原ortho-derivative;ortho-acidoxy-氧化;氧代 oxy-acid,oxydationpara-对位;仲para-derivative;para-acidpetro-石油petrochemicalphenyl苯酚phenolicresinphenyl-苯基phenylacetylenepoly-聚 polymer,polymolecularsulfa-磺胺sulfamethylthiazoleSyn 顺式;同 syn-form,syngen
21、sisthio-硫代thiosufatetrans-反式;超,越,过trans-addition第15页/共19页有机化合物词尾构成(1)-acetal缩醇acetaldehydedimethylacetalacid酸benzoicacid-al醛ethanalalcohol醇ethylalcohol-aldehyde醛acetaldehyde-amide酰胺acetamide-amine胺methylamine-ane烷propane-ase酶peptidase-cain(e)卡因buacaine-carbinol甲醇methylethylcarbinolCarbonyl羰基carbonyl
22、chloride-carboxylicacid羧酸1-propanecarboxylicacid-ene烯pentene-ester(ate)酯 acetylacetic ester,methylacetate-ether乙醚ethylether-icanhydride酸酐aceticanhydride-ol醇methanol-osan聚糖glucosan第16页/共19页有机化合物词尾构成(2)-ose糖fructose,glucose-oyl酰acetyl,caproyl-quine奎niquine-imine 亚 胺 ethylidenimine,cyclohexanimine-keto
23、ne酮methylphenylketone-one酮hexone-lactam内酰胺hexalactam-lactone内酯butyrolactone-nitrile腈succinonitrile-oside糖酐glucoside-sulfide硫diethylsulfide-sulfonicacid磺酸naphthanesulfonicacid-sulfone砜ethylsulfone-thiol硫醇methanethiol-thiourea硫脲ethyl-thiourea-toxin毒buthotoxin-yl 基 methyl,ethyl,ethylphenol,isopentyl,be
24、nzyl,sec-butylyne炔1,3-butadiyne,2-butyne第17页/共19页缩略语aacidABR acrylonitrile-butadienerubberaatomicABSacrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneabsabsoptionCM cellulose carboxymethylcelluloseabs.EabsoluteerrorCMCcarboxymethylcelluloseacactivityPMMpolymethylmethacrylateALCanalyticliquidchromagraphPEpolyethylenePL
25、CpreparedliquidchromatographPEGpolyethyleneglycolHPLChighpressureliquidchromatographPSpolystyreneARanlyticalreagentPUpolyurethaneCRchemicalreagentPVApolyvinylacetateave.avg.averagePVApolyvinylealcoholCSTR continuous stirred tank reactorPVCpolyvinylchliridePFRplugflowreactorPOMpolyoxymethylenepetpetroleumPPpolypropyleneRTresidencetimePPGpolypropyleneglycole.g.exampli gratia(forexample)PAMpolyacrylamideEtcorsoppmpartpermillionCODchemicaloxygendemandproc.process;procedureBODbichemicaloxygendemandprep.preparation;prepare第18页/共19页谢谢您的观看!第19页/共19页
限制150内