高考英语阅读指导:猜测词义.ppt
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1、Drills and Guide to Techniques of Reading Comprehension-Guessing the meanings of words and phrases in context阅读训练与解题技巧指导之词义猜测阅读训练与解题技巧指导之词义猜测2012-04-112012年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。文章并回答相关问
2、题。考生应能:考生应能:、理解主旨要义;、理解主旨要义;、理解文中具体信息;、理解文中具体信息;、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义;、作出简单判断和理解;、作出简单判断和理解;、理解文章的基本结构;、理解文章的基本结构;、理解作者的观点、意图和态度、理解作者的观点、意图和态度;7、补全文章提纲、概括主要内容或关键词语转换补全文章提纲、概括主要内容或关键词语转换;抓住主旨抓住主旨明确细节明确细节猜准词义猜准词义做好推断做好推断近几年江苏高考阅读理解近几年江苏高考阅读理解猜测词义题猜测词义题情况情况题目设计数量2007200820092010试题设计分类事实细节
3、题主旨大意题词义猜测题1B(60)1A(56)1D(70)1A(59)推理判断题What are the main question designs?对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测 Many United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.“polyglot”most probably means“_.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 I knew she was wrong and that her anxiety had clouded he
4、r judgment.“cloud”means“_.”The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.And it may even speed up while in the process.By saying“the brain at any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brai
5、n can be _.A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched对句义对句义(短语意义及代词所指内容短语意义及代词所指内容)的猜测的猜测CWhat are the main question forms?词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:1)The underlined word in the paragraph refers to/means _.2)What does“xx”in paragraph stand for/mean?3)“xx”could best be replaced by which of the follo
6、wing?4)The expression/phrase“xx”means _.5)The word“xx”is closest in meaning to _.How can we guess the exact meanings of the WORDS?猜测词意一构词法一构词法Word formation二语境法二语境法Contextclues?Word Formation一一 构词法猜测词义构词法猜测词义英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀prefix)和词尾(后缀suffix)所组成。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常
7、见的前缀和后缀有:super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-(极微小的)re-(再,反复)mis-(误,恶)im-(不)un-(不,非)in-(不,非)non-(不,非)-able(能的)-less(不,无)-wards(向)en-/-en(使,)superman microwave(超人)nonnatural mispronounce(非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)Ex1enslave(使成为奴隶使成为奴
8、隶,奴役奴役)lengthen(使变长)With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的,绝对的没有判断力的苏北四市2012届高三三模联考试题(C-65)From time to time,according to his theory,passing ship
9、s and planes set off the crystal,which confuses their instruments and engulfs them into the ocean.65.The underlined word“engulfs”in Paragraph 4 probably means _.A.drops B.sucks/covers completely C.puts D.throwsB When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassable river in front of him.Its
10、 true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way place.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to picture modern life?Word-formation(合成形容词-单词合成在一起而构成)(词性变化(词性变化-转化法转化法)(派生法,合成派生法,合成法,转化法)(词的派生-词根上加前缀或后缀)Impossible to travel/pass throughimagine偏僻的偏僻的Ex2对考纲内熟词新
11、义的猜测 I knew she was wrong and that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.“cloud”means“_.”V make it difficult for sb to understand sth clearly.使难以理解,使模糊n.V.转化法?Logical relations逻辑关系二 语境法猜测词义Ex1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist
12、,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠动物学家牧人夜班 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is,be called,means,or,be known as,be defined as等词汇或冒号,破折号等来表示;或由that is(to say),in other words,to put it another
13、 way,or rather,i.e,namely,refer to.等 一些具体的解释性的短语引出生词.Summary 1:Definition 定义法 二二 语境法猜测词义语境法猜测词义Ex.2 The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.Though Toms face has
14、 been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.替代替代丰满的丰满的污秽的污秽的 John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are lea
15、rned,but quite a few other actions are innate.节约的节约的混乱混乱天生的天生的 The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.And it may even speed up while in the process.By saying“the brain at any age is highl
16、y plastic”,the writer means the brain can be _.A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched对句义对句义(短语意义及代词所指内容短语意义及代词所指内容)的猜测的猜测07四川C 利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。由and或or,like,as as,the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系;或利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though,on
17、the contrary等。Summary 2:Similarity&Contrast相似及对比法 二二 语境法猜测词义语境法猜测词义 真题体验(05广东卷)“Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”The underlined word roughly means _.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developedEx3.Rubber can be made to stretch more
18、 than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的复制品复制品Hes
19、such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.精明的精明的修剪修剪 从原因推测结果,从结果推测原因。常用关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,so,so that,such that therefore等)表示前因后果。Summary 3:Cause-Effect 因果关系二二 语境法猜测词义语境法猜测词义真题体验(0
20、6陕西卷)The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a coveringEx.4 Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headli
21、ghts,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.The new couple bought a lot of household appliances,such as washing machine,fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly,folklore includes all the customes,belief and tradition t
22、hat people have handed dowm from generation to generation.装置装置家禽家禽家电家电民俗民俗 利用文中的举例猜测词义。常用such as,like,for example,for instance等引出例子,可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义。Summary 4:Example 举例归纳二二 语境法猜测词义语境法猜测词义真题体验 对考纲外生词的猜测 Many United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.
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