英语-2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A(全国甲卷)(解析版).docx
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1、绝密考试结束前20222023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A (全国甲卷)英语(测试时间:120分钟 卷面总分:150分)考前须知:1 .答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。2 .全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部 听力(共两节,总分值30分)第一节(共5小题,每题L 5分,总分值7. 5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来问答读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the man
2、 suggest the woman buy for Thomson?A. A music CD.B. A book of poetry. C. An English novel.2. Where does the man want to go?A. A bus station.B. A palace.C. A bookstore.3. How long does the man have to wait for the next train?A. 5 minutes.B. 45 minutes.C. 50 minutes.4. What does the woman ask the man
3、to do?A. Take the fitness class. B. Pick up Peter. C. Give her a ride.5. What does the woman mean?A. Anne is cleverer and more diligent than Julia.B. Julia doesnt want to be a dancer.C. Anne and Julia are both famous.第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分,总分值22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应
4、位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每题5秒钟;DIn a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence (AI) can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.Repurposing drugs is le
5、gal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off - label”. Just because a drug is FDA - approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent
6、 it from having possible benefits for other purposes.For example. Metformin, a drug that is FDA - approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS (a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti - depressant with FDA - approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by
7、 doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.The Ohio State University research team created an Al deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment, outcomes , and potential confounders (干扰因素).Con founders are related to (he exposure and outcome
8、. For example , a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes (红疹).Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case, one possible confbunding factor between the two may be outdoor heat, as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is h
9、igh, and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real - world data, confbunders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.The researcher team used confounders including population data and co-
10、prescribed drugs. With this proof -of-concep(, now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.32. What do we know about a drug used off-label?A. It is sold without a label.B.It is available at a low price.C. Its uses extend beyond the or
11、iginal.D.Its clinical trials arc rejected by doctors.33. What do Metformin and Trazodone have in common?A. They are used off-label.B.They treat rare diseases.C. They result in sleep issues.D.They are medical breakthroughs.34. What can be inferred about confounders?A. They are possible treatments.B.
12、They are environmental factors.C. They can be easily recognized in data.D. They should be taken into consideration.35. What is the main idea of the text?A. AI examines benefits of existing drugs.B. AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.C. AI proves the power of drug research.D. AI finds new drugs f
13、or common diseases.【答案】32. C33. A 34. D 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在自然机器智能杂志上发表的一项研究中,俄亥俄州立 大学的研究人员展示了人工智能(AD如何能够跟踪临床试验,识别用于重新使用的药物,这一解决 方案有助于推动创新治疗。【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When doctors prescribe drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for purposes different from what i
14、s printed on the labels, the drugs arc being used “oiT - label. Just because a drug is FDA - approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.(如果医生开出的药物是经食品和药物管理局(FDA)批 准的,其FI的与标签上的FI的不同,那么这些药物就被“标示外”使用了,仅仅因为一种药物被FDA 批准用于特定类型的疾病并不阻碍它在其他用途上可
15、能产生的益处。)”可推断,“标示外”药物的用途 超出了原来的用途。应选C。【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“the drugs are being used off - label”. Just because a drug is FDA - approved fbr a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.(这些药物被“标示外”使用,仅仅因为一种药物被FDA批准用于某种特定类型的疾病,并不阻碍它在其他用途 上可能有好处。)”和文章第
16、三段“For example. Metformin, a drug that is FDA - approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS (a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti - depressant with FDA - approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues4
17、例如,FDA批准用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物二甲双胭,也用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征(一种女性 疾病)和其他疾病。曲喋酮是一种经美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗抑郁症的抗抑郁药, 医生也会开它来帮助治疗睡眠问题患者。)“可知,二甲双眼和曲噪酮的相似之处是这两种药物都在适 应症外使用(标示外使用)。应选Ao【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段的“When working with real - world data, con founders could number in (he thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patt
18、erns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.(在处理真实世界的数据时,干扰因素可能多达数千个。AI深度学习非常适合在潜在的成 千万的干扰因素混合物中寻找模式。户可推断,干扰因素应该被认真地考虑。应选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence (Al) can follo
19、w clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.(在自然机器智能杂志上发表的一 项研究中,俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员展示了人工智能(AI)如何能够跟踪临床试验,识别用于重新 使用的药物,这一解决方案有助于推动创新治疗。再结合下文内容可知,文章主要讲述人工智能识 别药物标示外用途。应选B。第二节(共5小题;每题2分,总分值10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to Im
20、prove Yourself by 1 % Each Day-Many people treat “litb” as something that happens to them. They arc the victim.36 And thenthere are those who are clear on their goals. When something goes wrong, they are the first to admit where they went wrong. How can you live a life by design instead of by defaul
21、t?Set goals and actually achieve them37New Years Resolutions* arc the worst (or best) example of this. Ifs easy to set goals, but very few people follow through with them to the end. People who live by design practice the habit of setting goals and actually achieving (hem. This constant practice is
22、what allows them to set bigger and bigger goals and see them through to completion.Surround yourself with people you want to be likeChoose your friends carefully. As they say, 38 Make sure that the individuals who occupy your life and time share your values. Ideally, these people should even be a li
23、ttle bit ahead of you, forcing you to stretch and continue to grow in the direction youd like to go.Dont be afraid to go your own wayWhen you go your own way, everyone will tell you that youre wrong at first. Everyone will point and share their opinion and then somewhere down the line, (hey will all
24、 come back around.39 Andthey will ask you how you did it.Practice disciplineIn order for you to get to where you know you can go, you have to say no a hundred times more than you say the word yes”.40 And the only way to do so is to have a strong sense of self-awarenessand discipline.A. Everybody set
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