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1、 短文改错命题特点和解题技巧短文改错命题特点和解题技巧短文改错主要是考查学生发现和纠正错短文改错主要是考查学生发现和纠正错误的能力。这种题型不仅要求学生能够牢固误的能力。这种题型不仅要求学生能够牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识,还要求学生具掌握一定的词汇和语法知识,还要求学生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。考生在有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。重点。短文改错涉及面广,综合性强,但是短文改错涉及面广,综合性强,但是有一定的规律性。有一定的规律性。一、冠词。一、冠词。主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的主要考查冠词表示泛
2、指、特指的用法用法,a/an的区别及固定搭配中冠词的使用。的区别及固定搭配中冠词的使用。E12015全国卷 Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.E22015浙江卷 On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.E32014陕西卷 That day I didnt learn much about animals,insects or tr
3、ees,but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!athe _an二、名词。二、名词。主要考查可数名词和不可数名主要考查可数名词和不可数名词辨析、可数名词单复数等。词辨析、可数名词单复数等。单数单数-复数复数复数复数-单数单数不可数名词不可数名词E12015全国卷 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.E22015全国卷 One day,little Tony went to a shopping centre with his parent.It was very cro
4、wded.E32014浙江卷 No one in the carriage had previously spoken to or even noticed the ticketowner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.parentsair _ _ _ stranger三、动词。三、动词。主要考查动词的时态、语态主要考查动词的时态、语态等。等。E12015全国卷 When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be ha
5、ppy there.E22015全国卷 ILots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.E32015全国卷 he turned around and found that his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.thought _ _ _ began四、形容词、副词。四、形容词、副词。主要考查形容词和副词主要考查形容词和副词的功能、特性、比较级和最高级的正确运用的功能、特性、比较
6、级和最高级的正确运用等。等。E12015全国卷 Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.E22015全国卷 II“Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.E32015陕西卷 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decided to ask her for he
7、lp.serious _ _ _ bestterribly五、代词。五、代词。主要考查各类代词主要考查各类代词(人称代词、指人称代词、指示代词、不定代词)的用法及人称代词的误示代词、不定代词)的用法及人称代词的误用或漏用。用或漏用。E12015陕西卷 My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.E22015全国卷 I The air we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Many rare a
8、nimals are dying out.We must find ways to protect your environment.E32015全国卷II Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mum said,“How nice to see you again!something _ _ hisour/the 六、介词。六、介词。考查介词的意义、用法及固定考查介词的意义、用法及固定搭配。搭配。E12015全国卷 Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment ha
9、s been polluted.E22015全国卷 IITony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop.E32015陕西卷 My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.with _ _ _ in七、连词。七、连词。主要从上下文语境及逻辑关系主要从上下文语境及逻辑关系角度考查连词是否误用或漏用。角度考查连词是否
10、误用或漏用。E12015全国卷 but I miss my home in the countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.E22015四川卷In fact,I dont like to go(with them)anymore,so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.E32014陕西卷 Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey looked like rain!We ran to escape
11、but fortunately no one was injured.and _ _ _ butand八、从句的引导词。八、从句的引导词。主要考查学生对三大类主要考查学生对三大类从句的掌握程度。设题多为从上下文结构和从句的掌握程度。设题多为从上下文结构和语境要求更正从句引导词的误用。语境要求更正从句引导词的误用。E12015浙江卷 The position of the classroom with its view made me feel like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I
12、 will never forgetit.E22015全国卷 IIAfter looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.E32015陕西卷 My only mistake was that I dropped some(biscuits)on the floor after I was packing them up.Although/Though _ _ _ thatwhen/while九、主谓一致。九、主谓一致。主要考查主语和谓语在人主要考查主语和谓语
13、在人称和数上的一致性。称和数上的一致性。E12014陕西卷 Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey looked like rain!E22014辽宁卷 The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.haswere _ _ 十、非谓语动词。主要从句子结构和习惯十、非谓语动词。主要从句子结构和习惯搭配方面进行考查。搭配方面进行考查。E12015浙江卷 and I really wa
14、nt share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.E22015全国卷 IIAfter looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing.E32015陕西卷 My favourite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!to _ _ looking enjoying十一
15、、固定搭配和习惯用法。十一、固定搭配和习惯用法。E12013全国卷 She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.E22013浙江卷 To make matters bad,now I have to share a room with my younger sister,Maggie.E32012新课标全国卷 I was happy when the toys worked,but when things did wrong,I got angry and broke them.hold _ _ _ worsewent/did
16、go十二、固定句式及上下文语境(肯定还是十二、固定句式及上下文语境(肯定还是否定?陈述还是虚拟?等等)。否定?陈述还是虚拟?等等)。E12015全国卷II Tony saw a toy in a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.E22015四川卷 What do you think I should do?If you are me,would you talk to him?E32013全国卷I he even scared my classmates away when th
17、ey came over to play or do homework with me.However,he was the gentlest man I have never known._ _ _ wereever解题步骤解题步骤第一步:第一步:通读全文,了解大意。通过浏览全文,通读全文,了解大意。通过浏览全文,从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称,为下从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称,为下一步的纠错做好准备。一步的纠错做好准备。第二步:第二步:逐句推敲,纠正错误。仔细阅读每个逐句推敲,纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子,同时找出并纠正错误。句子,同时找出并纠正错误。第三步:第三步:重读全文,修正
18、答案。重新仔细阅读重读全文,修正答案。重新仔细阅读全文,检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合上下全文,检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合上下文逻辑或语境,并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。文逻辑或语境,并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。应试策略应试策略做短文改错时,应注意以下情况:做短文改错时,应注意以下情况:1.看到看到平行结构平行结构时,要检查是否有用词不一时,要检查是否有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不平衡错误;致或成分缺失而引起的句子不平衡错误;2.看到看到转折、因果、对比等结构转折、因果、对比等结构时,要检查时,要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误;是否有行文逻辑方面的错误;3.看到看到多重结构句多重结构句时,要检查
19、是否有时态、时,要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误;语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误;4.看到看到名词、代词名词、代词结构时,要检查是否有数、结构时,要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误;格或指代不一致的错误;5.看到看到固定短语、词组固定短语、词组时,要检查副词、介时,要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。短文改错 I have a careful mother.Before we go on holiday,Mother always locked up the house very carefully as she is afraid be
20、ing stolen.Last year when we leave our house to go on holiday,she even cut off the electric.She was worried that the house might catch a fire.As Grandmother did not want to join them this year,Mother gave our holiday address and tephone number for the family doctor.She was afraid that Grandmother wo
21、uld fall illness.The two words often mentioning by Mother wereGrandmotherandhouseduring the whole holiday.Fortunate,whenwe got home.the house was safe and Grandmother was well.DearDiary,HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesfarawayfromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?DadlosthisjobandasMomex
22、plained,“Hewasluckytofindotherone.”HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmate,myschool,orjusteverythingelseIloveintheworld.Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.Tomorrowisfirstdayofschool.Iamawfullytiring,butIknowIwillneverfallsleep.Goodnightandrememberyou,deardiary,ismyon
23、lysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.2013浙江浙江1.far去掉去掉(far已被已被350miles代替了代替了)2.movemoved(lastweek,过去式过去式)3.otheranother(“另一个另一个”,用用another;other“其他的其他的”)4.classmateclassmates5.orand(并列并列,不是选择不是选择)6.badworse(tomakemattersworse是固定短语是固定短语)7.在在first前加上前加上my/the8.tiringtired(人用人用tired;tiring指物指物)9.sleepasleep(形容词作表语形容词作表语,fallasleep睡着睡着)10.isare(you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenir.friend作作remember的宾语的宾语,主语是主语是you;deardiary是是you的同位语的同位语;myonlysouvenir是表语是表语.此句的此句的be动词应跟主动词应跟主语语you相一致相一致,用用are.)
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